3.3.2. Data Analysis
The inaugural address transcript will be analysed by employing Martin and White’s 2005 model of Appraisal Theory, which is based on Halliday’s 2004
model of Systemic Functional Linguistics. A qualitative descriptive research analysis will be carried out by using data of
clauses containing appraisal elements found in the texts to answer the research questions. The complete steps of the analysis are:
1. Determining the Research Framework
The writer defines the problems of the thesis and accordingly decides the research framework to be used in the research. Because this research is basically about
meaning and how they are communicated, the proper research method is the Qualitative research method.
2. Obtaining the Data Sourcethe Inaugural Address Texts
The primary source of the inaugural texts is bartleby.com, an internet site dedicated to providing archives of important texts of various fields, including the
texts of the inauguration speeches of American President, from the very first president, George Washington, up until the current president: Barrack Hussein
Obama. There are actually many websites [e.g. presidency.ucsb.edu. and the official website of the White House] that provide transcripts even videos of the
inaugural addresses and this helps the writer in verifying the correctness of the inauguration speech transcripts that the writer obtains from bartleby.com. The
texts that bartleby.com provides on its pages are still in .hml type: the extension is
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.hml. Because this file can not be read by the writer’s word processor software, the writer copies all the words on the internet page, opens the word processor
program, pastes the copied texts, and, at last, saves the copied under the extension of .doc—one of the few extensions that can be read by the writer’s word
processor program. It is only after doing this that the writer can work on the inaugural address texts.
3. Examining and Marking the Appraisal Elements in the Texts
In this step, the writer first reads the whole content of the text. In the second reading, the writer marks the appraisal elements, classifies their regions, and then
tabulates the results. On completing this, the writer then counts the most and the least dominant regions of the Appraisal.
4. Interpreting the Results
The results of step 4 is the data for the real analysis. The real analysis is the interpretation of the results. This includes explaining the occurrences of the
appraisals in the texts: why they are or they are not apparent, how they are used to negotiate stances, and how the systematizing of the appraisals functions to form
the impression that the presidents want to get from their audience. 5.
Conclusion and Recommendation The conclusion and recommendation step is the step where the writer sums up the
interpretation of the results and then recommending the next or further researches that can add more interest on Appraisal Theory. This also acts the closing part of
this research report.
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Qualitative Descriptive Approach
Interpreting the results: Determining the nature of the appraisals in the
texts, explaining their occurrence and the ways they function to convey the message of the
presidents Examining and marking the appraisal
elements in the texts Collecting the Data sourceObtaining the
Inaugural Address Texts
Conclusion Recommendation
The above steps are illustrated in the chart below.
Figure 3.1. Flow Chart of the Steps of the Research
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3.3.3. The Instrument of the Research