Recommendation CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The last conclusion is that there should be a new sub-system in the appreciation region that covers the generic words that are located somewhere between reaction and valuation.

5.2. Recommendation

To reiterate what has been mentioned several times before, this thesis only uses the attitude sub-systems of the Appraisal Theory. This of course is another way of expressing limitedness. It is therefore recommended that further studies should use the other elements of attitude [i.e. Engagement and Graduation] to analyse texts based on appraisal theory 13 . An analysis using Engangement and Graduation should be interesting as it will reveal how a speaker displays his position and how he grades his evaluation and by so doing reveals his real stance pertaining to the matter at hand, as was shown by Miller’s research mentioned in chapter 2 of this research. It is expected that the further studies using appraisal theory will promote this theory and add up to the insights into the nature of language, its complexities, and its central position in the course of our life as human beings. 13 It may be worth pointing that Don, Hood, and Korner—whose dissertations are mentioned in the bibliography part of this thesis—used Appraisal Theory to write dissertation and to gain doctoral degree from their respective universities: University of Birmingham, University of Technology Sydney, and University of Sydney. p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara BIBLIOGRAPHY A’Beckett, Ludmilla. 2009. Appraisal in the Russian Press: the Characterisation of the Ukranian Leaders.A paper in the journal Revista Electronica de Linguistica Aplicada. Monash University. Beard, Adrian. 2000. The Language of Politics. London: Routledge. Berg, Bruce L. 2007. Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Eggins, Suzanne. 2004. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. New York: Continuum. Genovese, Michael A. Lori Cox Han. 2009. Encyclopedia of American Government and Civics. New York: Facts on File Inc. Gerrot, Linda Wignell. Making Sense of Functional Grammar. Halliday, M.A.K. 2005. On Grammar. London: Continuum. ——— . 2004. On Language and Linguistics. New York: Continuum. Halliday, MAK Christian Matthiessen. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Arnold. Johnstone, Barbara. 2008. Discourse Analysis. Victoria: Blackwell Publishing. Lakoff, George. 2004. Don’t Think of an Elephant Know Your Values and Frame the Debate. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing Company. Malmkjaer, Kirsten ed. 2002. The Lingustics Encylopedia, Second Edition. New York: Routledge. Martin, J.R. David Rose. 2008. Working with Discourse, Meaning beyond the Clause 2 nd edition reprinted. London: Continuum. Martin, J.R. P.R.R. White. 2005. The Language of Evaluation, Appraisal in English. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Pinker, Stephen. 1997. How the Mind Works. New York: Penguin Putnam Inc. p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara Quirk, Randolph et.al. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman. Saeed, John I. 1997. Semantics. China: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Saragih, Amrin. 2005. Bahasa dalam Konteks Sosial, Pendekatan Linguistik Fungsional-Sistemik terhadap Tata Bahasa dan Wacana. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara. Sinar, Tengku Silvana. 2008a. Teori dan Analisis Wacana, Pendekatan Sistemik- Fungsional. Medan: Pustaka Bangsa Press. Sinar, Tengku Silvana. 2008b. Ideologi Wacana Kekuasaan melalui Bahasa Evaluatif. Jurnal Telangkai Bahasa Dan Sastra. Medan: Program Studi Magister Linguistik, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Singh, Robert. 2003. American Government and Politics: A Concise Introduction. California: SAGE Publications. Sumarsih.2009. Penggambaran Sikap, Pendirian, dan Penilaian dalam Teks dan Konteks Melalui Bahasa Evaluatif. Dissertation.Medan: University of North Sumatra Thibault, Paul J. 2004. Brain, Mind, and the Signifying Body, an Eco-Social Semiotic Theory. London: Continuum. Material from the Internet Don, Cecilia. 2007. A Framework for the Investigation of Interactive Norms and the Construction of Textual Identity in Written Discourse Communities: the Case of An Email Discussion List.Diss. available at http:www.grammatics.comlexi_con lexis-textthesisdonacPhD.html. Hood, Susan. 2004. Appraising Research: Taking a Stance in Academic Writing. Diss. available at: http:www.grammatics.comappraisalhoodS-phd- links.html. Körner, Henrike. 2000. Negotiating Authority:The Logogenesis of Dialogue in Common Law Judgments.Diss.available at: http:www.grammatics.com appraisal Korner-phd-links.html. p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara Martin, J.R. 2004. Mourning: How We Get Aligned.Article available at: http:www.grammatics.comappraisaltextSpecialmartin-intro.pdf. Miller, Donna R. Multiple judicial opinions as specialized sites of engagement: conflicting paradigms of valuation and legitimation in Bush v. Gore 2000.Article available at: http:www.grammatics.comappraisalmillerDmiller-bush-gore.pdf White, Peter R. 1998. Telling Media Tales: the News Story as Rhetoric.Diss. available at: http:www.grammatics.comappraisalwhiteprr_phd.html ——— . 2003. Beyond modality and hedging: A dialogic view of the language of intersubjective stance.Article available at: http:www.grammatics.comappraisalbeyond-modalitywhite.pdf p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara APPENDIX TRANSCRIPTS OF THE INAUGURAL ADDRESSES The followings are the complete transcripts of the Inaugural Addresses of the presidents. The clauses containing appraisal are bolded and numbered for ease of reference to the tables in chapter IV. The appraisalappraising items themselves are underlined to differ them from the other parts of the clauses in which theythe appraisal belong.

1.1 Bush Senior’s Inaugural Address George Herbert Walker Bush