The Kinds of Pronoun.
a. Personal pronoun as subject
b. Personal pronoun as object
c. Possessive adjective
d. Possessive pronoun
Reflexive pronouns - self, - selves Reflexive pronouns are used as objects, complements and often
prepositional complement where these elements have the same references as the subject of the clause or sentences. Notice that in some cases the reflexive
pronouns receives nuclear stress, and in other cases are not, example: Carolyn gets a seat by herself. Pay attention to the two important thing of reflexive
pronoun: a.
In the plural –self become –selves b.
Be careful that you do not use any of the following incorrect forms as reflexive pronouns:
Incorrect Correct
He believes in hisself He believes in himself
We drove the children ourself We drone the children ourselves
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For intensive pronoun and demonstrative pronoun is explained by Farmer. Intensive Pronouns
Intensive pronouns have the same form as reflexive pronouns that used for emphasis. Their function as appositives and are often placed next to the noun
or pronoun they emphasize intensively. They sometimes appear at the end of a sentence. Examples: Fernanda herself received the prize money.
The boys did the laundry themselves.
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Geoffery Leech and Jan Svartvik, A Communicative Grammar of English: Third Editions, London: Longman, 2002. p.351
Demonstrative Pronouns Demonstrative Pronouns are to point out certain persons or things. The four
demonstrative pronouns are singular forms of this and that and the plural forms for these and those. Examples: This is a well-written book.
I ordered a dozen of those.
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According to Langan relative pronoun and indefinite pronoun are: Relative pronouns who, whom, whose, which, that
Relative pronouns do two things at once. First, they refer to someone or something already mentioned in the sentence. Second, they start a short word
group that gives additional information about this someone or something. Few points that must be noticed in relative pronouns:
a. Whose means belonging to whom. Be careful do not to confuse
between whose and who’s, which means who is
b. Who, whom, and whose are refer to people. Which refers to things.
That can refer to either people or things. c.
Who, whose, whom and which can also be used to ask questions. When they are used in this way, they are called interrogative pronouns.
d. Who and whom are used differently. Who is a subject pronoun and
Whom is an object pronoun.
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Indefinite pronoun The following words, known as indefinite pronoun, they are always
singular.
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Every word has singular form whether –one or –body.
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Marjorie Farmer, Composition and Grammar II, Illinois: Laid Law Brothers, 1985. p.318
10
Langan, Op.Cit. pp. 211-213
11
Ibid. p. 200
Figure 2.1 Indefinite Pronoun
The differences between Interrogative and relative pronoun are explained by Sabin as follow:
Interrogative and relative pronoun a.
Who, whom, whoever and whomever, these pronouns are both interrogative pronouns used in asking questions and relative
pronoun used to refer to a noun or pronoun in the main clause b.
These pronoun may be either singular or plural in meaning: Who is talking? Singular
Who are going? Plural Whom do you prefer for this job? Singular
Whom do you prefer for these jobs? Plural c.
Who or whoever is the nominative form. Use who whenever he, she, they, I or we could be substituted in the who clause.
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From the explanations above, the writer makes a conclusion that there are seven kinds of pronouns; Personal pronouns, Reflexive pronouns,
Intensive pronouns,
Demonstrative pronouns,
Relative pronouns,
Interrogative pronouns and Indefinite pronouns.
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William A Sabin, The Greeg Reference Manual, Ninth edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001. p. 263
-one word -body Words
One Nobody
Each Anyone
Anybody Either
Everyone Everybody
Neither Someone
Somebody