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attitude toward ‘love’. Second is how other main characters influence Mr. Lewisham’ characteristics development. Third are some messages which are
presented in the novel from the main character’s characteristics. The third study is from Ika Krisnawati Kurniadi in 2007. Her study is about
Love Needs as The Obstruction of Mr. Lewisham’s Achievement Motivation in H.G. Wells’ Love and Mr. Lewisham. The writer discusses two points in his study.
First is how Mr. Lewisham’s achievement motivation is portrayed. Second are the factors that obstruct Mr. Lewisham’s achievement motivation and the results.
B. Review of Related Theories
This part is divided into four sections. They are critical approach, theories of character and characterization, theory of conflict, and theory of marriage. All of
them are reviewed and give a clear understanding about the topic itself which is conflict.
1. Critical Approach
Rohberger and Woods Jr 1971 explain that there are five approaches, which are the formalist approach, the biographical approach, the socio-historical
approach, the mythopoeic approach, and the psychological approach, in literature to study the elements of a story or a novel 6-15. Critical approach in literature is
used to understand and to analyze the literature works. In this study, the approaches which are used are the psychological approach and the socio-historical approach.
The psychological approach is the study of human behavior or the psychological aspects especially about the characteristic or the human motivation.
This approach also analyzes human personality and the influences of them in the
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literary works. This approach digs up some characteristics or the personality through his thought, imagination, perception, expression, and action as seen in the
story. Those aspects affect how a person interacts to others interpersonal and also to himherself intrapersonal. While the socio-historical approach studies the
history or the civilization of the specific group of people including their culture that gives some influences to the literary works. In other words, the society which is
reflected in the literary work is the representation of the society in a real history when the literary work is being written. It can be said that the civilization in the
story may be the same as the time when the author lives and it can be one of the factor as the inspiration for the author to write the story.
2. Character
Character is “an imagined person who inhabits a story” Kennedy Gioia, 1999, p. 61. Through the character as the central of the action, the story can be
alive. Rohrberger and Wood Jr 1971 say that “characters acts out in a particular time and place setting some kind of conflict in a patterns of events” p. 20. It
means that the characters as the single element of the story cannot be separated from other elements. The characters need time and place to speak and to act which
create the story of the novel itself that can lead to the conflict as human interaction. There are many classifications of the character in the story. First, character
can be divided into flat and round characters Kennedy Gioia, 1999, p. 61. Both of them depend on how the author figures them. Flat characters have only one trait
or one side. In some stories, the minor characters tend to be flat characters because they always stay in certain personality and attribute which have already known by
the readers like a common policeofficer or a student. Round characters have more
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features or many sides that the author figures them deeply and more detailed than flat characters. When the round character appears, other characters will see him
from many different ways, especially about who he is. However, the readers have different way from them. The readers will see the round character from his own
feeling, thought, and perception based on his experiences. Round characters frequently change because of growing, enlightening, or learning through the plot of
story. This makes them have many dimensions in the other characters or the readers’ minds.
Besides those kinds of character, there are also major and minor characters. Major characters “perform a key structural fiction and deserve our fullest attention”
Henkle, 1977, p. 92. It means that the major characters are the center of the fiction which lead the events and the plot of the story. The minor characters are
“less complex, or less intense, and drawn in the shallower relief, present what is often only one side of experience” Henkle, 1977, p. 97. So here, the minor
characters do not have full attentions in the story. The role of the minor characters supports the major characters’ experiences. It can be said that the minor characters
have a little effects or nothing to the story which are different from the major characters which give many big effects to the elements of the novel.
A character can be classified into protagonist and antagonist Rohrberger
Woods Jr, 1971, p. 20. A protagonist is the central character which is the most
important character in the story and he is the one to whom all the events have significance. Usually, there is more than one central character in many stories or
novels. An antagonist character is another character who is usually getting involved
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to the protagonist in the conflict. Both antagonist and protagonist can be good and bad or good and good but they have different perception on something.
3. Characterization
