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left their members in the care of nurses and governesses or sent their children to the boarding schools so that the parents could devote themselves to the social pleasure
Herne, 1996, p. 132.
There was an act to end a marriage namely Matrimonial Act of 1857 that established a civil court for judicial divorce Mitchell, 1996, p. 105. The ground
for divorce was different for men and women. A man could divorce his wife if she did adultery. However, it was not enough for a woman to divorce his husband only
because of adultery. She should also prove his husband guilt on extreme physical cruelty or desertion. Both husband and wife should give some evidences when they
brought their divorce to the court. Divorce was considered shameful at that time especially for a woman. Many divorced cases were reported in the newspaper. It
would be hard form women to retain and manage their reputations after divorce. In the education system, there was a liberal system of education which gave
a teacher a very precious liberty. This liberty was prominent in the British universities. They were self governing institution and not controlled by the state
Barker. 1955, pp. 127-128. The professor and the lecturers were appointed freely and their teaching was only set by their own ideal curriculum. They were freely to
choose their own textbooks and they were free to express their own political and social views.
D. Theoretical Framework
There are two problems which will be analyzed in this study. First is how Mr. Lewisham is described. Second is how he solves his conflicts in his marriage
life. To answer those problems, several theories are applied.
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The first theory is critical approaches which are the psychological and socio-historical approach. The psychological approach covers some aspects from
the character in the novel about his personality, motivation, and also interaction with others. Here, this study applies this approach to analyze Mr. Lewisham’s
description through his personalities. To support it, the writer uses theory of character and characterization as the second theories. Theory of character is applied
to classify Mr. Lewisham into which type of character is. Theory of characterization is applied to characterize Mr. Lewishams’ personalities by some
ways. Beside using those theories above, the writer uses theory of conflict as the
third theory to analyze the second problem. By using this theory, the writer will classify or categorize each conflict that the character faces and what kind of
conflict resolution he applies. Since he deals with his conflict in marriage, the theory of marriage is applied as the fourth theory. The writer uses this theory to
observe conflict and its resolutions in marriage life and compare to the novel. The next approach is the socio-historical approach which studies about the
history in the novel. Here, the writer applies this approach to compare the history in the real life to the story in the novel at the specific time or era. The history which is
used is Victorian Era. The writer uses this era as the historical background to compare the time when the character spends and to observe some influences from
Victorian Era to the story.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter is divided into three parts. The first part is the object of the study which is novel used for this study. The second part presents the approach
which will be used to the study. The third part is the method of the study which explains the procedure to analyze.
A. Object of the Study
The novel to analyze for this study is H.G. Wells’ Love and Mr. Lewisham. It consists of 208 pages within 32 chapters. This novel was published by Everyman
in London 1993. The author wrote this novel in 1900. Love and Mr. Lewisham tells about the life of the young student named Mr. Lewisham.
In the beginning of the story, the readers will see how Mr. Lewisham is described through his physical appearances, manners, and his habits. Then, he
meets Ethel, his soul mate, finally. The problem begins when both of them get married. He is trapped between his personal life and his dreams. As a husband, he
needs to finance his daily life. However, he still wants to keep his study and the result is he does badly in a biology exam and says goodbye to Alice, his best friend,
because he will not come back for his study anymore. He always shares about Socialism and Literature to her. Those are things that Ethel does not understand at
all. The relationship between Alice and him makes her jealous especially when Alice sends letter to him about common things that they often talk. They quarrel
over this problem and his failure.
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