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a. Mr. Lewisham versus Chaffery
Chaffery is Ethel’s stepfather and Mr. Lewisham’s father-in-law. He works as a medium at Séance. Séance is a community gathering where people
communicate to the spirits p. 56. His image before Mr. Lewisham’s friends is bad. Smither and Alice Heydinger, who are Mr. Lewisham’s friends, consider his
job as cheating people pp. 62-62. The conflict between Mr. Lewisham and Chaffery starts when he gets
married with Ethel without asking his consent. Ethel herself does not tell him because the day she marries with Mr. Lewisham is the day when she is supposed to
come and work in the house of his sister. Chaffery thinks that their marriage is not in an appropriate way.
‘Maggie,’ said Mr. Chaffery to Mrs. Chaffery, ‘there is a class of being upon whom delicacy is lost-to whom delicacy is practically unknown. Has
your daughter got her marriage lines?’ ‘Mr. Chaffery’ said Mr. Lewisham, and Mrs. Chaffery exclaimed, ‘James
How can you?’ Chaffery shut his penknife with a click and slipped it into his vest-pocket.
Then he looked up again, speaking in the same equal voice. ‘I presume we are civilized person prepare to manage our affairs in a civilized way. My
stepdaughter vanishes for two nights and return with an alleged husband. I at least am not disposing to be careless about her legal position.’ p. 115.
Here, it can be seen how he sees that Mr. Lewisham does not respect him by taking away his daughter. He feels that his position as a father and a family leader is
ignored. Historically, the position of a husband or a father was like a king in a Victorian family. What the husband said was a rule for his children and his wife
and also no one of his family members could interrupt or disregard the husband’s power Tregidgo, 1971, p. 44. That is why even though his background as a
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medium is not the same level as Mr. Lewisham’s background, Mr. Lewisham cannot go straight to him.
Mr. Lewisham also has his own reason why he takes away Ethel from her family. The reason is the way Chaffery uses Ethel as an object for his works.
Chaffery uses Ethel for thought-reading object p. 98. For him, what Chaffery does is too much because he thinks that Ethel is his and no one can make her as an
object. He also does not like Chaffery’s act when Chaffery threats her to work as a servant to Chaffery’s sister if she quits from Séance. As loving person, he thinks
that it is better for her to stay with him than her family. He sees that the way Chaffery treats her is not a good act where a father forces one of his family
members to be a servant even though she is not his biological daughter. That is the reason why he decides not to tell his plan of his marriage to her family.
As the end of their tensions, Chaffery says clearly to Mr. Lewisham that he can have his stepdaughter as a beloved person to take care p. 125. Chaffery will
free Ethel from her work. He also accepts their marriage as long as Mr. Lewisham is not a Dissenter because he dislikes a Dissenter p. 116.
It can be seen that both Chaffery and Mr. Lewisham have an agreement about Ethel’s work and Mr. Lewisham’s marriage. Both person reach acceptable
decision. It can be concluded that they use integrative negotiation which is a win – win solution Isenhart Spangle, 1980, p. 47. Furthermore, their family
relationship is not broken as the effect of a successful negotiation. Another conflict between Mr. Lewisham and Chaffery is about Chaffery’s
work. Mr. Lewisham sees Mediumistic Séance as trickery and cheating because it deceives people by using some tricks which cannot be proven scientifically.
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Chaffery’s dirty trick is even revealed at their first meeting in Séance p. 62. However, he cannot explain his reasons using scientific facts because his father in
law will not understand. As a thoughtful person, he compares the trick to the Society which is more understandable for both of them. Chaffery himself has a
different opinion about his work. To defend himself, he also compares his work to society. He sees that society is based on lying.
‘Take a professor of science, walking the earth. Remark his clothing, making a descent citizen out of him, concealing the fact that physically he is
a flabby, pot bellied degenerate. That is the first Lie of being. No fringes round his trousers, my boy. Notice his hair, groomed and clipped, the tacit
lie that its average length is half an inch, whereas in nature he would wave a few score yard-long hairs of ginger grey to the winds of heaven. Notice the
smug suppressions of his face. In his mouth are Lies in the shape of false teeth. Then on earth somewhere poor devils are toiling to get him meat and
corn and wine. He is clothed in the lives of bent and thwarted weavers, his way is lit by phossy jaw, he eats from lead-glazed crockery-all his ways are
paved with the lives of men …. And his case is the case of all comfortable lives. What a lie and sham all activity is, all good breeding, all culture and
refinement, while one poor ragged wretch drags hurry on the earth” p. 123.
Chaffery thinks that Society is full of lies and his work is no worse than it. The society itself is just covered in well-suited appearance but it deceives people.
Nevertheless, Mr. Lewisham has different opinion. He thinks that life is complicated and it is a reason why there are some people who lie to survive.
However, he also thinks that there are right and wrong things in life and what Chaffery does is the wrong thing no matter how far Chaffery compares his work to
the Society p. 121. They end their argument by standing on what they believe in. Chaffery still
holds his opinion that his work is not bad compared to what society has done. However, Mr. Lewisham still holds his argument that what Chaffery does is wrong.
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Surprisingly, both of them respect each other’s belief p. 125. The way they respect each other’s belief is called an integrative negotiation. Integrative
negotiation includes collaboration, empathy, and understanding Isenhart Spangle, 200, 47. In collaboration, both parties only focus in the problem without
judging their personalities. Here, he tries to separate between his father-in-law’s personalities and job. Therefore, he only values or judges his job as a bad job
which tricks people but he does not attack his personalities even though he does something bad to his wife previously. When they do not have a common or same
agreement about which one is true whether it is Mr. Lewisham or Chaffery, they come to the final agreement by understanding each other’s opinion as in the
integrative negotiation so that both of them have an equal position. It is clear that even though there is no consensus between them, they know
where their own places are. Both of them decide not to interfere each other’s life though they have different paths. Here, Mr. Lewisham uses negotiation to resolve
the conflict. The purpose is to understand each other’s interest without having arguments anymore. He is very thoughtful to end their arguments by leaving
Chaffery in his belief instead of breaking their family relation only because of this matter. The important thing for him is Chaffery’s philosophy does not influence his
relation with his wife p.126. He also tells Chaffery’s job to his wife to hear her opinion and the result is his wife agrees with him. It can be concluded that he uses
her as his mediator to support his argument even though she does not join his conversation with Chaffery directly.
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b. Mr. Lewisham versus Ethel
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