word value [vælju:] and [æfərɪdʒ] for the word average [ævərɪdʒ] Luviya, 2016:
36. English phonetic inventory is not only different from Indonesian local
language but also the other languages such as Vietnamese. Bui states in his research that there are some English sounds which do not exist in Vietnamese
2016: 125. It affects Vietnamese speakers in pronouncing English words. The study focuses on the mispronunciation of English interdental sounds [θ] and [ð].
For instance, four out of ten respondents pronounce [θ] as [t‘]. For [ð], it is often changed into [z] Bui, 2016: 126.
In this study, the writer would like to have a similar study about pronunciation written by Raharjo, Luviya, and Bui. The research will focus not
only in the consonant, but also on vowel and diphthong sound. Another difference is that the researcher will compare English phonetic
s inventory with Indonesians’. The data will be gained from the English news from BBC portal. The writer will
also use some same theories about Phonetics, Phonology, and error analysis.
B. Review of Related Theories
Three theories are used in the study. They are Phonetics, Phonology, Error Analysis and Orthography.
1. Phonetics
Phonetics concerns with describing the speech sounds which occur in all languages in the world Ladefoged and Johnson, 2011: 2. To learn about
Phonetics, first we need to know how to identify the speech sounds. We use the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
scientific description of speech sounds by Internal Phonetic Association IPA symbol. One alphabet symbol refers to only one sound and one sound refers to
only one alphabet symbol. However, “each symbol can be used for a range of different but similar sounds” Port and Leary, 2005: 928. In Phonetics, we will
learn more about consonant, vowel, diphthong sounds. We learn the symbols and how to pronounce them.
a. English Consonants
As summarized from Ladefoged and Johnson, English consonant articulation is divided into three parts 2011: 10. The first one is labial
articulation which occurs when using the lips. The second one is coronal articulation which uses the tip or blade of the tongue. The last one is dorsal which
is occurs by the back of the tongue. Later, bilabial and labiodental include in labial articulation. While dental, alveolar, retroflex, and palate-alveolar include in
coronal articulation. Velar includes in dorsal articulation. Palatal can include into coronal or dorsal articulation. It is based on a point to which we shall return.
Table 2.1 English Consonants Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams, 2014: 204 Place of Articulation
B il
ab ia
l
L ab
iod en
tal
In te
rd en
tal A
lve ol
ar P
al atal
V el
ar G
lott al
M an
n er
of
A rti
cu lati
on Oral Stop
Voiced
b d
ɡ
Voiceless p
t k
Ɂ
Nasal Stop Voiced
m n
ŋ
Fricative Voiced
v ð
z ʒ
