Rules for combining sounds
the word heavy is pronounced as [e], ‘a’ in the word any is also pronounced as [e].
It also occurs for the letter ‘u’ in the word burry and ‘ai’ in the word said are also pronounced as [e].
The other case is the words with different spelling but same pronunciations. Hear and here are the examples of two words which have
different spelling but the pronunciations are the same. They are pronounced as [hɪə]. It also happens in the words right and write. Both of them are pronounced
as [raɪt] even the spellings are different. Bank is the example of the words which have same spelling and
pronunciation but have different meanings. The word bank can refer to the land along the side of a river or a hard substance. Another example is the word left.
The first meaning of left is towards the side of your body to west when you face north. The other meaning is went away from a place past participle of the word
leave. The last one stands for the words with silent consonants. In the words
subtle, asthma, often, write, and gnaw, the bold letters hardly pronounced. This also happens in the words plumber, wrong, handkerchief, and island. The bold
letters in the words are hardly pronounced as well. However, based on Chaer, the spelling and pronunciation in Indonesian
do not have any significant difference. The further analysis will be explained on the table.
Table 2.3 Indonesian Spelling and Orthography Chaer, 2012: 138-139 Phoneme
Allophone Grapheme
b [b] and [p]
b PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
p [p]
p m
[m] m
w [w]
w and u f
[f] f and v
d [d] and [t]
d t
[t] t
n [n]
n l
[l] l
r [r]
r z
[z] z
s [s]
s f
[f] sy
ñ [ñ]
ny ʒ
[ ʒ]
j ʧ
[ ʧ]
c j
[j] y and i
ɡ [ɡ]
g and k k
[k] k
ŋ [ŋ]
ng x
[ks] kh
h [h]
h Ɂ
[Ɂ] k and Ø
i [i] and [ɪ]
i e
[e] and [ɛ] e
ə [ə]
e u
[u] and [ʊ] u
o [o] and [ɔ]
o a
[a] a
aw -
au ay
- ai
oy -
oi ey
- ei