Table 4.22 Mispronunciation
of [eɪ]
Announcer Sound
Position Frequency
Percentage Total
Percentage
A Initial
- 27.78
Middle 1
33.33 Final
5 50
B Initial
- 28.89
Middle 2
66.67 Final
2 20
C Initial
- 3.33
Middle -
Final 1
10 D
Initial -
11.11 Middle
1 33.33
Final -
E Initial
- Middle
- Final
- F
Initial -
Middle -
Final -
G Initial
- 35.56
Middle 2
66.67 Final
4 40
H Initial
- 22.22
Middle 2
66.67 Final
- I
Initial -
Middle -
Final -
J Initial
- 6.67
Middle -
Final 2
20
Based on the data above, it can be concluded that there was no mispronunciation in [eɪ] which appears in the initial position. There were also
three announcers who did not mispronounced [eɪ] into another sound. The other announcers frequently mispron
ounced [eɪ]. The data of the mispronunciation word lists are shown in the table below.
Table 4.23 Mispronunciation of [e
ɪ] Word Lists
Words IPA
Notes
estimated [
estɪmeɪtɪd] 1 announcer pronounced it into [e]. makes
[ meɪks]
- 3 announcers pronounced it into [e]. - 2 announcers pronounced it into [æ].
taken [
teɪkən] 2 announcers pronounced it into [e].
awakens [əweɪkns]
1 announcer pronounced it into [ ɑ].
latest [leɪtɪst]
- 1 announcer pronounced it into [e]. - 1 announcers pronounced it into [a].
Fate [feɪt]
2 announcers pronounced it into [a ɪ].
grateful [ɡreɪtfʊl]
1 announcer pronounced it into [e]. radio
[reɪdiəʊ] - 1 announcer pronounced it into [ɑ].
- 1 announcers pronounced it into [ʌ]. debut
[deɪbju] 3 announcers pronounced it into [
ɪ]
The other diphthong mispronunciation is [ju]. [ju] appears three times in the initial position, once in the middle position, and once in the final position.
There were total five announcers who mispronounced the sound. The further
explanation is shown in the Table 4.24. Table 4.24 Mispronunciation of [ju]
Words IPA
Notes
debut [de
ɪbju] or [debju]
Mispronounced by five announcers into [u:].
debuted [de
ɪbjutɪd], [deɪbjutəd], [debjut
ɪd], or
[debjut
əd]
Mispronounced by two announcers into [u:].
universal
[ju
ːnɪvɜːsəl] or
[ju
ːnəvɜːsəl]
Mispronounced by one announcer into [u:]. Last, there were some mispronunciations in the sound [
əʊ]. The sound appears three times in the initial position, once in the middle position, and twice in
the final position. The data are shown in the table below.
Table 4.25 Mispronunciation of [
əʊ]
Words IPA
Notes
globally [
ɡləʊbəli]
Mispronounced by one announcer into [ ɔ:].
radio [re
ɪdiəʊ]
Mispronounced by one announcer into [ ɔ:s].
host [h
əʊst]
- Mispronounced by one announcer into [aʊ]. - Mispronounced by one announcer into [ɔ:]
B. Possible Reasons of Mispronunciation
1. Consonant Sounds
a. Labiodental Fricative
[v] appears 150 times in the news for all announcers. From the total, there were 42 times which the announcers mispronounced [v] into [f]. Based on
Ladefoged, [v] and [f] share some similarities. Both of them are labiodental and fricative. The one that differentiate them is the voicing. [v] is voiced labiodental
fricative, while [f] is voiceless labiodental fricative. Based on Chaer, Indonesian has [v] in its inventory. The Indonesian [v]
and [f] quality is the same with the English one. [v] is a voiced labiodental fricative and [f] is a voiceless labiodental fricative. Because the announcers did
not always mispronounce the sound, the researcher categorizes it as post- systematic errors. The announcers had already known that the sound should be
pronounced as [v]. The sound also appears in Indonesian. However, the announcers use it inconsistently. They often pronounced it as [v] but sometimes
[f]. This also happened because in Indonesian the grapheme of [f] is both f and v.
Indonesian’s does not concern into the voicing feature in the sound inventory. Therefore, even there is an [v] sound in Indonesian, the announcers
will sometimes pronounced it into [f] because of the Indonesian grapheme. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
b. Dental Fricative
Some of the announcers did not know that the word the should be
pronounced as [ð ǝ] or [ðɪ]. It can be seen in the Appendix 7: Mispronunciation
Summary that some announcers mispronounced all [ð] into [d]. In Indonesian
itself, there is no interdental sound. The closest sound to interdental sound is labiodental and alveolar. However, the similar sound into [ð] is the voiced
alveolar oral stop [d]. Some announcers had already known that the word the should be pronounced as [ð] instead of [d]. However, since [ð] does not appear in
Indonesian consonant inventory, the some of the announcers sometimes pronounces it correctly but they did mispronounce the sound.
This can be grouped into three kinds of errors. First, it can be a pre- systematic errors. It happens when the announcers do not recognize that there are
[ð] and [θ] in English consonant inventory. Then, it leads to the developmental errors or systematic errors. Some announcers have had hypotheses and discovered
what sound they should pronounce. However, since their limited experience, they produced [d] instead of [ð] and produced [t] instead of [θ]. The last is post-
systematic errors. It happens for the an nouncers who use [ð] and [θ]
inconsistently. Once they got it right but sometimes they made some mistakes and changed them into [d] and [t].
Indonesian also does not have [ θ] in its consonant inventory. The closest
sound is [t]. In the case of the word eighth, the announcers found difficulties in pronouncing the sound which is similar to the sound before. In Indonesian case,
the sound of [t] and [ θ] are similar. Although all announcers did not mispronounce
the word eight [e ɪt], the fricative and the similarity in the sound [θ] makes it hard
to be pronounced. It makes some announcers mispronounced the sound. In the other case, some announcers mispronounced the word with which
can be pronounced as [w
ɪθ] or [wɪð]. Some announcers mispronounced the sound
into [t]. It happened because the grapheme in the word is th. Since Indonesian does not have phoneme which refers to grapheme th, the announcers only
pronounced the [t] sound. It was also happened because Indonesian does not have interdental sound in its consonant sound inventory.
c. Alveolar Oral Stop
There are two mispronunciations for the sound [d]. They are worldwide and podcast. These mispronunciations happened because the announcer did not
aware of the sound they should pronounce. They knew [d] sound but they mispronounced it into the other sounds. These can be categorized as post-
systematic errors. It can also be included into the announcers’ unawareness while
pronouncing the sound.
d. Alveolar Fricative
In Alveolar fricative, there are [z] and [s] sounds. However, the mispronunciation of alveolar fricative is only for the sound [z]. Some announcers
mispronounced the sound into [s]. Some of the words having [z] sound are written s. It makes some announcers read the sound as [s] more often than [z] in some
words. It is included in one of the psycholinguistic errors in the interference errors meaning that the announcers using some L
1
elements in reading English news as their foreign language. It happens because Indonesian does not really differentiate
