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The Intel 80x86 chips were used in the first IBM PCs and compatibles. In 1993, Intel Corp. Introduced the Pentium processor, which was 150 times faster than the speediest 8086. Now most
PCs have Pentium III with MMX technology, delivering high performance for multimedia, Internet communications and 3-D applications .
The Motorola 680x0 chips were used in the first Macintosh, Alari ST and Amiga computers. In 1993, the alliance of IBM, Apple and Motorola created the PowerPC, a new 64-bit processor that
could handle more information than 32-bit processors. Today, Macs have a PowerPC G3 or G4 processor, with highperformance multimedia extensions and faster clock speeds.
III 1. Reading
1. A binary system uses two digits 0 and 1. Switches inside a computer can only be in one of two possible states: OFF or ON. To represent these two conditions we use binary notation: 0
means OFF and 1 means ON. Each 0 or 1 is called a binary digit, or bit. 2. In binary notation, numbers are represented by two digits: 0 and 1. In the decimal system
we use ten digits. For example: the binary number 10 represents 2 in the decimal system. 3. A byte
4. 1 megabyte = one million bytes or 1,024 kilobytes 1 gigabyte = one thousand million bytes or 1,024 megabytes
5. ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information interchange. The purpose of this code is to provide a standard system for the representation of characters.
2. Word building
1. A minicomputer is smaller and less powerful than a mainframe, but is usually bigger than a microcomputer.
2. The term microcomputer is used to define small desktop computers. 3. The decimal system is the system in which the ten digits 0 to 9 are used.
4. The hexadecimal system is the notation of numbers to the base or radix of sixteen.
5. A multi-user configuration is a system in which many users are connected to the
central computer. 6. A bidimensional chessboard is displayed or drawn in two dimensions.
7. A tricycle is a three-wheeled cycle. 8. A monochrome computer has a monitor which displays one colour at a time.
9. A CPO with 64 megabytes of RAM is a computer with 64,000,000 bytes of RAM. 10. A document of 3 KB occupies 3,000 bytes.
3. Bits for pictures
1 e 2 d
3 a 4 c
5 b
IV Warm-up
1. CD-ROM disks use optical technology. The data is retrieved using a laser beam. 2. CD-ROM stands for commpact disk read only memory.
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Reading
Technical specifications Use
CD.ROM Can store a lot of
information 650 MB Economical way of
sharing Information Cant write anything to it
Used to store software, dictionaries, multimedia
databases, etc. Can play music CDs
CD.Recorder Allows you to create
CDs in a format that can be read by a CD-R drive or a
regular CD-ROM drive. Come in tWo different forms: CD-R
recordable and CD-RW rewritable
To back up hard disks or to distribute and archive
information
DVD A DVD-ROM can hold
17 GB, about 25 times an ordinary CD-ROM. Its a read-
only device. There are also DVD rewritable drives
To store multimedia software and complete
Hollywood movies Can also play music
CDs and CD-ROMs
Magneto-optical es both Use both a laser and an
electromagnet to record information
MO disks are rewritable Ideal for back-up and
portable mass storage
Discourse cohesion A. Reference signals
1. they refers to optical disks 2. which refers to the fact that.one CD can replace 300,000 pages of text about 500
floppies .
3. you has an indefinite usage here, meaning people in general. The use of you is informal, often
preferred to one, which is formal.
4. it refers to a CD-ROM disk 5. that refers to CD-RW disks
