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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter discusses the type of the study, research setting, research subject, research procedure, data collection technique and research instruments,
and the data analysis technique.
A. Type of the Study
This research
is classified
into an
Educational Research
and Development RD. Educational R D is adapted from industry-based
development model in which the results of the research will be taken to create new products or procedures, which then are systematically implemented,
evaluated, and revised to meet specified criteria of effectiveness, quality, or similar standards Borg Gall, 2003:569.
In practice, this type of study takes evaluation to play a key role in the process. Evaluation or the process of refining products is done over and over until
the best form of the products is found. Borg and Gall 2003 say that this model provides a great promise for improving education because it involves a close
connection between systematic evaluation program and program development. In education, this research is conducted to designdevelop appropriate materials
which can be implemented effectively to meet the students’ needs.
B. Research Setting
This research was conducted in November 2013 in grade X Marketing Study Program at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Bantul which is located in Bejen,
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Karang Gayam, Bantul. The school has three study programs; software engineering, marketing, and office administration.
C. Research Subjects
The subjects of the research were the students of grade X Marketing Study Program in SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Bantul in the academic year of
20132014. All the students were involved as the research subjects, the class consisted of 32 students.
D. Research Procedure
This research adopted the model of Research and Development proposed by Borg and Gall 2003. Actually the model was very long to be applied in this
research. As the research was conducted in a limited period of time, the model was simplified as follow:
1. Conducting Need Analysis
Needs analysis was done based on the theory of needs analysis from Hutchinson and Waters 1987 by giving needs analysis questionnaire to the grade
X students of Marketing Study Program in SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Bantul. The questionnaire aimed at gaining data from the students about their target needs and
learning needs. The needs analysis questionnaire was developed by considering the task components by Nunan 2004:41 which involve goal, input, procedure,
learners’ role, teacher’s role, and setting. The gathered data in this stage were analyzed by calculating the frequency of optional item which supported the
students’ tendency on the kind of materials the students preferred. Then, the results were used to develop the syllabus and the materials.
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2. Writing the Syllabus
After analyzing the needs analysis questionnaire, the result was used to write the syllabus. Syllabus is a document which contains the points of things that
will be learnt or should be learnt in the course Hutchinson Waters, 1987:80. In other words, the syllabus was developed to plan, order, and organize the
contents of the materials. It becomes the guide for developing and managing the tasks and the learning materials. The syllabus involved the core competences, the
basic competences, topicunit, English learning materials, learning activities, assessment, time allocation and the learning sources. After writing the syllabus,
the next step was developing the first draft of the materials.
3. Developing the Materials
Based on the syllabus, then, the materials were developed. This process had to be done carefully in order to produce appropriate materials for the students.
As the materials were developed based on the curriculum 2013, the approach used in the materials was scientific approach. It involved several steps; observing,
questioning, collecting data, analyzing data, communicating findings, and creating texts. The developed materials consisted of three units. Each unit consisted of
twenty five to twenty eight tasks. The organization of the materials was: starting up, listening and speaking, reading and writing, evaluation, learning journal
reflection, summary, and glossary.
4. Evaluating the Materials Expert Judgment
After the materials were completed, it was necessary to evaluate the materials. The process of evaluating the materials aims at validating the
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appropriateness of the materials to meet the students’ needs. This process was conducted by using an expert judgment questionnaire. An expert in English
teaching filled the questionnaire and gave hisher suggestions and feedback; whether the materials had met the requirements of appropriate materials proposed
by Badan Standar National Pendidikan BSNP. The criteria of appropriate materials consist of four aspects; the appropriateness of the content of the
materials, the appropriateness of the language, the appropriateness of the methodology, and the appropriateness of the layout of the materials.
5. Revising the Materials and Writing the Final Draft
The data from the evaluation questionnaire were used to revise and improve the materials. The materials after revision would be the final draft of the
English learning materials for grade X students of Marketing Study Program.
E. Data Collection Technique and Research Instruments
This research used questionnaire to collect the data. There were two types of questionnaires in this research which were needs analysis questionnaire
and expert judgments questionnaire.
1. Need Analysis Questionnaire
The needs analysis questionnaire was distributed to the students to identify the target needs and the learning needs of the students. The questionnaire
consists of 20 multiple choices and the students were allowed to choose more than one options for some questions in the questionnaire. The form of the organization
of the needs analysis questionnaire is presented below.
Table 3.1: The Organization of the Needs Analysis Questionnaire
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