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4 Graphic Design
to validate the appropriateness of the
materials’ lay out and the content design,
to validate the illustration to validate the typography
of the materials 27-32
BSNP 2007
F. Data Analysis Technique
There were two kinds of data from the research; quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data were gained from the questionnaires of the
needs analysis and the experts judgments, while the qualitative data were from the comments and opinions from the expert related to their assessments of the
materials. There were two techniques used in this study to analyze the data from the
instruments. First, the questionnaire in the stage of needs analysis was analyzed using frequency and percentage. The highest frequency and percentage from the
options of the questionnaire determined what kind of materials should be. The data were calculated using the following formula:
P : f N100
where P: percentage
N: total respondents f: frequency
The expert judgment questionnaire consisted of statements and responses in the form of Likert scale. It asked the respondent to indicate the strength of
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hisher agreement and disagreement dealing with the provided statements. The responses for every statement were measured with a score 1 to 4. The statement of
Strongly Agree SA has four points, the statement of Agree A has three points, the statement of Disagree D has two points, and the statement of Strongly
Disagree SD has one point. Then the data gathered from the expert was calculated by using formula proposed by Suharto 2006 to find the range of the
data interval. The formula is presented below:
R =
ଡ଼୦ିଡ଼୪ ସ
Where R: range Xh: the highest score
Xl: the lowest score 4: range of likert scale
The data were then converted into descriptive statistics. It aimed to summarize a given data set which cannot be represented entirely. Mean X
is used in this research as the indicator measurement. The means were calculated
using the formula presented below:
ܯ݊ሺǨ ϐǤ ሻ ൌ ∑ ݂ܺ
݊
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Mn: Mean fX: the scores of the items
n: the number of the scales
The results were then categorized as follows.
Table 3.3: Quantitative Data Conversion Scales
Descriptive Categories Interval of Mean
1 Poor
1≤ X ≤1.74
2 Fair
1.74 ≤ X ≤2.24
3 Good
2.5 ≤ X ≤3.24
4 Very Good
3.24≤ X ≤4
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter is dedicated to describe the findings of the research and the discussion. The research findings cover the results of the needs analysis, the
syllabus, the first draft of the materials, and the materials’ evaluation.
A. Research Findings 1. The Results of the Needs Analysis
The needs analysis was conducted on November, 23, 2013 by distributing the needs analysis questionnaire to grade X students of Marketing
Study Program in SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Bantul. The distributed questionnaire was intended to elicit information on the students’ target needs and learning
needs.
a. Descriptions of the Students
SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Bantul only has one class of Marketing Study Program for each grade; grade ten, eleven, and twelve. The grade ten of
Marketing Study Program consisted of thirty two students; three male students and twenty nine female students. They were around fifteen to sixteen years old.
Here are the data of the students.
Table 4.1: The Grade X Students of Marketing Study Program Number of the
Students Sex
Age
Male Female
