Errors in Manner, Agent, and Instrument Form

d. Errors in Manner, Agent, and Instrument Form

Among all forms of preposition, this form was the lowest rank of preposition errors which students made in their writing. Based on the students writing assignment, this form was rarely applied by the students in their writing. Table following table shows the average percentage of error in this form. Table 4.12 Preposition Errors in Manner, Agent, and Instrument Form Number of Erroneous Item Percentage of Erroneous Items Average Percentage Topic 1 Topic 2 Topic 1 Topic 2 4 4 11,11 5,63 8,37 Preposition errors in the form of manner, agent, and instrument were in the lowest rank with total percentage 8,37. The sentences below are the examples of errors made by the students. 1 I was invited my grandmother walking to Kiailanggeng. Participant no. 24 2 With join this Boy Scout makes our life full meaning. Participant no. 24 In this section, the students omit the preposition, as showed in the first sentence, and also use inappropriate preposition in the second sentence. In manner, agent, and instrument form, „by‟ is used to describe manner or the person that performs an action. „By‟ is usually followed by noun. Otherwise, preposition „with‟, is used to express instrument or material used. It precedes the name of the instrument used to perform an action. In the first sentence, the students should add preposition „by‟ to describe the person who performs an action. In this sentence the person is ‘my grandmother’ who invited the students to walk to Kiailanggeng. In the second PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI sentence, the students describe a manner, which is joining Boy Scout. As a result, the students should use preposition „by‟. Two sentences below are the corrected sentence with appropriate preposition. 1 I was invited by my grandmother walking to Kiailanggeng. 2 By joining this Boy Scout makes our life full meaning. Based on tables of individual errors in students’ writing assignments, the researcher found that the length of paragraph and the existence of preposition in each form influence the amount of preposition errors. The length of the paragraph is influenced by the number of sentences which students made in their writing assignments. However, the number of sentences does not always influences the existence of the preposition in students’ writing. Table 4.2 shows that two participants who made a paragraph in five sentences or less than five sentences made a few errors in their writing. Total errors that they made were three items. They also did not apply all the form of preposition in their paragraph. Both of them did not applied preposition in Manner, Agent, and Instrument form. Participant number six 6 applied three forms of preposition, Place and Position, Direction and Motion, and Time. Preposition in Direction and Motion form and Time form were applied correctly. The participant made three erroneous items in place and Position form. However, participant number twenty 20 only applied one form of preposition. Only Place and Position form existed in their writing and it was applied properly. Table 4.3 shows the list of preposition errors which appeared in a writing assignment which consisted of six up to fifteen sentences. In this table can be seen PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI that the amount of preposition errors is more than the amount in the previous table. It is because the existence of preposition in each form. All of the students made three of the preposition forms in their writing. Nine students out of total 23 students applied preposition in manner, agent, and instrument form. From Table 4.3 the place and position form was considered as the highest rank of preposition errors with total 38 items. This form of preposition was applied by all of the students in both topic of writing. The lowest rank of errors was manner, agent, and instrument form with total errors are four items. This form was the most rarely applied by the students in both topic of writing. In this table also appeared that participant number 3 had the most erroneous items in place and position form with total five items. Participant number 16 applied all the forms of preposition and she did not make an error in every forms. From table 4.4 can be seen that preposition in place and position form was the top rank of errors with total sixteen items. It was lowest than the amount of total errors in the same form in Table 4.3 although the number of the sentences in this table was more than Table 4.3. Almost all of the participants in this group applied four forms of preposition in both topics. There were ten participants included in this group, and only four participants did not apply the forth form of preposition. The average error which the participants made is only one in this group. Table 4.5 only consists of two participants who made paragraphs more than twenty six sentences. Both of participants applied all forms of preposition. Participant number eleven 11 made forty two sentences and she made three PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI erroneous items in place and preposition form and one item in time form. Participant number twenty four 24 made sixty sentences and she made a lot of errors in applying preposition in her writing. She made two errors in place and position form, five errors in direction and motion form, three errors in time form, and one error in manner, agent, and instrument form. Based on the data presentation in Table 4.5 can be explained that students who made a lot of sentences and applied a lot of preposition in their writing tend to produce errors in applying preposition. Based on the data presentation in Table 4.2 up to Table 4.5 can be concluded that the length of the paragraphs and the existence of all forms of preposition influenced the production of p reposition errors in students’ writing. Students who made few sentences and applied minimum preposition tend to produce a few preposition errors. Students who made a lot of sentences but applied few preposition tend to produce few preposition errors. However, students who produce a lot of sentences and applied a lot of preposition in their writing, tend to produce a lot of preposition errors. The number of preposition errors also depends on the frequency of application of each preposition form. Place and Position form, Direction and Motion form, and Time form frequently appeared in students’ writing. As a result, these forms had the big amount of errors. In the other hand, Manner, Agent, and Instrument form rarely appeared in students’ writing. As the consequences, a few errors are found in this form of preposition. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

2. The Possible Causes of Errors in Using Prepositions Made by Tenth