Translation Definition of Terms
explains that the translation is the process of transforming the language in the text, or in written form.
Similar to Catford’s theory 1965, Newmark 1981 has his own theory about translation. In his book entitled Approaches to Translation, he states that
translation is an action which replaces a written message in one language by the same message in another language. Hence, translation according to Newmark
1981 is the activity of written language replacement. On the other hand, Brislin 1976 says that translation is the general term
referring to the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language to another, whether the language is in written or oral form. This theory is so different to the
first two theories that define translation as the transformation of language only in written form. According to Brislin, the transformation of a language occurs not
only in the written but also in the oral form. In addition, Larson 1984 explains more about translation. Based on his
book entitled Meaning-Based Translation, basically, translation is a transfer of meaning from one to another form. He states that the form of source language is
replaced by the form of receptor target language. One language has its own form of language, and it can be reformed to another language. The reformation is done
by going from the form of the first language to the form of the second language. Here, the meaning which is transferred must be held constantly. He also states that
meaning must have priority over form in translation. Therefore, it is meaning which is to be carried over from the source language to the target language, not
the linguistic forms. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Another theory of translation defined by Kridalaksana 1985 that completes Larson’s theory. Translation, according to Kridalaksana 1985, is the
transfer of a mandate from the source to the target language by firstly revealing the meaning and then the style of language. Different from Larson’s, this theory
does not only accentuate the meaning, but also the style of language that fit for the target readers because these two aspects are important to achieve an insane result.
Translation is not merely the activity of replacing one language into another, but more than that, translation needs the doers to adjust the result to the
appropriate language for the target readers. In conclusion, the translator must understand the form of the translation, either it is written or oral, and consider the
meaning and the style of language.