42 responses by the research participant” p. 228. The purpose of interviewing the
research participants is to find out what is on their mind, what they think, or how they feel related to the questions Fraenkel Wallen , 2006, p. 455. The most
advantage of interview is the response from the interviewee rate is high, perhaps 90 percents or better Ary, et al., 2010, p.380.
There are four types of interviews: structured, semi-structured, informal, and retrospective. In this study, the writer conducted informal interview was done
in casual conversations of both the interviewer and the interviewee. The informal interview is focused to find out what people think and the personal opinion
Fraenkel Wallen, 2006, p. 456. By conducting the interview, the writer had an opportunity to observe the
responses from the interviewee. The writer could ask for further information when information given by the interviewee was unclear. Thus, the writer utilized the
interview. The questions of interview guidelines were related to learning strategy used by the teacher, characteristics of the students, and students’ needs in learning
process.
2. Questionnaire
In order to collect data from the students in short period of time, then the writer utilized questionnaire. According to Johnson and Christensen 2012,“a
questionnaire is a self-report data-collection instrument that each research participant fills out as a part of a research study” pp. 162-163. The purpose of
using questionnaire is to obtain information about the thought, attitudes, beliefs, values, perceptions, personality, and behavioral intentions of research participants
43 Johnson Christensen, 2012, p. 163. There are two forms of questionnaire.
They are closed form and open form questions. Best 1983 states that the closed form questionnaire provides a yes or no question, a short response, or checking
an item form a list of suggested responses. Meanwhile, the open form questionnaire gave chance to the participants for giving their free response to the
questions. The writer therefore used closed form and open form questions to gain information from the participants. In this study, questionnaires were distributed in
the research and collecting information, and the preliminary field testing or in short pre-design and post-design questionnaire.
a. Pre-Design Questionnaire
Pre-design questionnaires were distributed to two classes of the tenth grade students of automotive engineering of SMK Marsudi Luhur 1 Yogyakarta.
The participants of pre-design questionnaire were fifty tenth grade students. However, only fifteen copies of questionnaires for each class were calculated. The
writer took fifteen tenth grade students of each class as sample of the population. The distributed questionnaires aimed to obtain the data about learner’s motivation,
necessities and lacks of students, the application of task-based in the classroom, and learner’s preferences in learning process in SMK Marsudi Luhur 1
Yogyakarta. The writer used the closed-ended form and open-ended form in order to dig out the characteristics of the students.
b. Post-design Questionnaire
Post-design questionnaires were distributed in order to assess and validate the designed materials. The questionnaires were addressed to two English teachers
44 in SMK Marsudi Luhur 1 Yogyakarta and two lecturers of English Language
Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta. The questionnaire was divided into two parts. The first part, participants had to state
their degree of agreement on the twelve statements related to the learning indicators, the instructions, learning activities, and the teacher’s book. Meanwhile,
the second part, participants wrote their comments and suggestions on the designed materials. The data obtained from both part would be beneficial to revise
and improve the designed materials. According to the explanation on research instruments above, the writer
summarizes the whole process of data collection in Table 3.2.
Table 3.2 The Process of Gathering Information Instruments
Participants Data Obtained
Time
Interview for need analysis
One English teacher of SMK Marsudi Luhur 1
Yogyakarta Students’
characteristics, students’ abilities
teaching activities and learner’s needs
September 2013
Questionnaire for need
analysis Thirty tenth grade
students of SMK Marsudi Luhur 1
Yogyakarta Students’ motivation,
lack and necessity, element task-based
learning and learner’s style in learning
process September 2013
Questionnaire for expert
validation Two English lecturers
of English Language Education of Sanata
Dharma University Evaluation, comments
and suggestions on the designed materials.
March 2014
Questionnaire for user
validation Two English teachers
SMK Marsudi Luhur 1 Yogyakarta
Evaluation, comments and suggestions on the
designed materials. April 2014
