Participants of Research and Information Collecting Participants of Preliminary Field Testing

44 in SMK Marsudi Luhur 1 Yogyakarta and two lecturers of English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta. The questionnaire was divided into two parts. The first part, participants had to state their degree of agreement on the twelve statements related to the learning indicators, the instructions, learning activities, and the teacher’s book. Meanwhile, the second part, participants wrote their comments and suggestions on the designed materials. The data obtained from both part would be beneficial to revise and improve the designed materials. According to the explanation on research instruments above, the writer summarizes the whole process of data collection in Table 3.2. Table 3.2 The Process of Gathering Information Instruments Participants Data Obtained Time Interview for need analysis One English teacher of SMK Marsudi Luhur 1 Yogyakarta Students’ characteristics, students’ abilities teaching activities and learner’s needs September 2013 Questionnaire for need analysis Thirty tenth grade students of SMK Marsudi Luhur 1 Yogyakarta Students’ motivation, lack and necessity, element task-based learning and learner’s style in learning process September 2013 Questionnaire for expert validation Two English lecturers of English Language Education of Sanata Dharma University Evaluation, comments and suggestions on the designed materials. March 2014 Questionnaire for user validation Two English teachers SMK Marsudi Luhur 1 Yogyakarta Evaluation, comments and suggestions on the designed materials. April 2014 45

E. Data Analysis Technique

After collecting information by conducting an interview and distributing questionnaires, the writer had to analyze the data to draw a conclusion. Therefore, the data collection would be the basis to develop the designed materials. Further explanation on the data analysis will be explored in the following points.

1. Interview

In order to analyze the results of the interview, the writer took note according to the participant’s explanation. The questions of the interview were related to the identification of the problems and students’ context. After that, the writer summarized the data collection into some paragraphs for further information.

2. Pre-Design Questionnaire

The pre-design questionnaire consisted of closed form and open form, then, it would have different data analysis. Since the closed form was multiple- choice questions, the data was presented in percentage. Brown Rodgers 2002 state that most people find it easier to understand data converted in percentage than in raw frequency. According to Ary et al. 2010 “the percentages are calculated by dividing the total number in one category by the total number in all categories and multiplying the results by 100” p. 125. The formulation to find the percentage of data is elaborated as follows. ∑