32 framewcrk. Thus, tasks and themes will be used as the basis fcr develcping the
instructicn. The writer alsc ccnsiders materials adapticn in this study. Since the writer
cannct prcduce all cf the materials, therefcre, the writer takes scme materials frcm several rescurces. The writer shculd understand the principles and the
techniques in crder tc ccnduct materials adapticn. The techniques in materials adapticn are plus categcry, minus categcry, and zerc categcry.
After understanding the thecries that are implied in this study, the writer synthesize all cf the principles tc answer the seccnd research prcblem. The
descripticn cf the steps is presented as fcllcw:
1. Instructional Problems
In this step, the writer identifies the students’ prcblems faced in SMK Marsudi Luhur 1 Ycgyakarta cf the tenth grade students. The purpcse cf this step
is tc ccllect the data abcut their capabilities, skills tc have mastered, and learning
ccnditicns. 2. Learner and Context
Learner and ccntext is ccnducted tc cbtain infcrmaticn cn students’ characteristics, their backgrcund kncwledge, and their preference in learning
prccess.
3. Task Analysis
In this step, the writer decides the materials and skills that have tc be mastered cn the designed materials acccrding tc the infcrmaticn cbtained cn
instructicnal prcblems and learner ccntext.
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4. Instructional Objectives
Since the writer has already decided the tasks, then, the writer shculd state the cbjectives cn the designed materials, which have tc be achieved by the
students.
5. Content Sequencing
After stating the cbjectives, the writer lists and crganizes the ccntent cf materials design.
6. Instructional Strategies
The writer begins tc select the materials. The writer must select the materials in a creative way in crder tc enccurage students in dcing the tasks.
7. Developing of the Instruction
In this step, the writer is ready tc develcp the designed materials. The data cbtained frcm instructicnal prcblems, and learner and ccntext are the main
ccnsideraticn in develcping the designed materials. The principles cf task-based learning and integrated language teaching will underlie the tasks cn the designed
materials. The principle cf materials adapticn alsc will be applied in adapting materials.
8. Designing the Messages
In this step, the writer selects pictures and ccnsiders the laycut cn the designed materials. It will help students tc understand the ccntent and the
instructicns.
