Process of Reading Comprehension

16 According to Brown 2007: 8, teaching can be defined as guiding and facilitating, encouraging the learners to learn and setting the condition for learning. Supporting this definition, Brown 2007: 8 defines that teaching is the activities to show or help someone to learn how to do something, give instructions, guide in the study of something, provide with the knowledge, cause to know, understand knowledge and give new knowledge. From the definition above, teaching can be defined as helping, facilitating, and giving instructions how to learn and get something or knowledge. Those statements also show that teaching is an active process which enables someone to know and understand certain new thing or knowledge. Blum in Richard and Renandya 2002: 21 proposes that an effective teaching considers some crucial aspects including curriculum which is used to guide instructions, efficient classroom activities, instructional groups which are formed in the classroom to fit the instructional needs, standard for classroom behavior, personal interactions between the teacher and students and reward which are used to promote students‘ achievement. With regard to the above aspects, teaching is not only a matter of transferring knowledge. Many aspects are involved in the process of teaching which determine the effectiveness of the teaching process. Those aspects of effective teaching can be some guidance to create an effective English teaching learning process. Brown 2007: 8 proposes that learning is acquisition or getting, keeping of information or skills which implies storage systems, memory and 17 cognitive system, involving active, conscious focus and acting of someone towards events inside or outside her or him, relatively lasting but something which is easy to forget, involving some forms of practice, perhaps reinforced practice and a change in behavior. Those concepts of learning show that in the learning process, learners get information or skills through some steps and forms of practices. In this process, such aspects as the memory, behavior and cognitive aspects are involved. All of those aspects are connected each other in determining the process of learning. In relation to English teaching and learning in Indonesia, Brown 2007: 1 suggests that language learning is not a set of easy steps that can be designed in a quick individual activity. It needs total commitment, total involvement, total physical intellectual and emotional response in the process of sending and receiving messages in the second language. In other words, second language learning is affected by various factors such as the first language, a new way of thinking, feeling and acting toward the new language. In addition, Brown 2007: 102 states that stressing the role of the native language on the target language has been common in the second language teaching. The native language is an obvious set of prior knowledge which underlie the further learning process. As a result, people who learn second language use their previous experiences to facilitate the second language learning process. In reference to the theories above, the process of language teaching and learning is not only the process of transferring knowledge from the