Data Collection Research Methodology

3.3 Data Collection

The study uses empirical data, collected in April-June 2004 and July- October 2005. In addition to field observation, four different data collection methods were carried out, as followed: Population Survey The population survey was conducted in each island, between April and June 2004. Most island population was covered Table 9. This survey emphasized qualitative research, particularly information about occupation, resource use, source of capital, and market place. The questionnaire is attached in Appendix 1. The scale and mechanism of the population survey are described below. Summary of the scale and mechanism of the population survey: ƒ Method : census ƒ Stratum : island ƒ Sample unit respondent : individual ƒ Total respondents : 3,990 ƒ Subject of study : occupation, capital, market ƒ Frequency of visit : single visit ƒ Method of data collection : direct interview, indirect from informants Table 9 Number of respondents on the population interview Study sites Number of respondents Tarupa Island 709 Rajuni Kecil Island 1,071 Rajuni Besar Island 387 Kapoposang Island 486 Barrang Caddi Island 1,337 Total 3,990 Resource User Interview Rigorous information on resource use and socio-economic characteristics, such as collective action, different dimensions of social capital, and household income, was collected in resource user interview. The questionnaire is attached in Appendix 2. The sampling frame was fisher household. Because the study is carried in five different islands, thus in order to reduce the error estimation, a stratified random sampling was used. It assumes that there is small variation across islands. Number of samples for each island is determined using Neyman allocation Scheaffer et al. 1986:92: 1 i i i L i i i N n n N σ σ =       =       ∑ 1 2 1 2 2 1 L i i i L i i i N n N D N σ σ = =       = + ∑ ∑ 2 The value of σ is the number of households that was obtained from previous survey. The value of D is determined based on the error estimation B, namely 0.346. It is obtained from the number of samples n that could be covered during the survey, namely 100 samples. Thus, number of samples for each island is shown in Table 10. The scale and mechanism of the resource use interview are described below. Summary of the scale and mechanism of the resource use interview: ƒ Sampling method : stratified random sampling ƒ Stratum : island ƒ Sample unit respondent : fisher ƒ Total sample size : 102 ƒ Subject of study : social capital, collective action, income ƒ Frequency of visit : single visit ƒ Method of data collection : interview Table 10 Number of samples for resoure user’s interview Study sites Number of fishing household N Sample proportion n i Number of samples n i Tarupa Island 124 0.18 n 18 Rajuni Kecil Island 146 0.22 n 22 Rajuni Besar Island 69 0.14 n 14 Barrang Caddi Island 215 0.37 n 37 Kapoposang Island 63 0.11 n 11 Total 617 1.00 102 Source: Tarupa: Pemilu 2004; Others: Primary survey April 2004. Key Person Interview Semi-structured interviews were carried out to gather the perceptions of stakeholders and detailed information in four levels of government, as well as field facilitators of the external assistance, tourism operator, and fishermen. It used a qualitative research, which is conducted by purposive sampling. The selection of institutions and key persons in which and whom the interview are conducted is based on the relevance on the research topic and the principle of representativeness Table 11. Table 11 Key persons interviewed Island Level Institution Rajuni Besar, Rajuni Kecil and Tarupa Barrang Caddi Kapoposang National Taka Bonerate MNP 7 N.A. N.A. KSDA I N.A. N.A. 3 Province Marine affairs and fishery office 2 Water police 1 Regency kabupaten, kota Marine affairs and fishery office 1 1 1 Regional development planning office 2 - - LP3M 8 2 1 LEMSA N.A. N.A. 1 YKL N.A. N.A. 4 PSTK- UNHAS N.A. 1 N.A. Rajuni Besar Rajuni Kecil Tarupa Village desa, Village leaders 3 8 6 8 6 kelurahan Village staffs 2 8 8 4 7 Island punggawa 3 5 5 5 5 Fishers 9 16 17 19 8 Women 1 4 2 3 1 Tourism operator N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 1 Total key persons 18 41 38 39 28 Note: LP3M, YKL and LEMSA are NGOs. UNHAS is University of Hasanuddin, i.e. Center for Coral Reefs Studies CCRS or PSTK. The scale and mechanism of the key person interview are described below: ƒ Sampling method : purposive sampling ƒ Sample unit respondent : key person ƒ Total sample size : 199 ƒ Subject of study : management strategy, village characteristics ƒ Frequency of visit : several visits ƒ Method of data collection : in-depth interview Group Discussion In order to examine the state of fishery sustainability in studied islands, the study uses a participatory approach of Multi-Criteria Analysis MCA. Group discussions along with individual interviews with fisher, trader or fishing patron, and local policy maker were carried out in each island. A total of 36 participants took part Table 12. Total participants in each island ranged from 6 to 9 persons. This number is not as much as the number of participants involved in other studies. Mendoza and Prabhu 2004 incorporated 10 participants of each forest area, and Adrianto et al. 2005 gathered 15 participants of a small island. However small the participants, they are viewed as representing the view of each island community, while they comprise of three different groups of stakeholder of fishing practice. They are sufficient to portray the fishery sustainability state of each island for this study, but care must be kept in mind to use this result for other purpose. Stakeholders’ views were initially assembled through group discussions, however biased opinions emerged. Therefore, closed individual interviews were then held to gather respective opinions. In this method, each participant was free to pose their views and further question on the objective of the research. Table 12 Respondents of participatory MCA Island Local policy maker Trader patron Fisher Total Tarupa 1 1 6 8 Rajuni Kecil 3 2 4 9 Rajuni Besar 2 1 3 6 Barrang Caddi 2 1 3 6 Kapoposang 1 2 4 7 Total 9 7 20 36 Note: One local policy maker is also positioned as trader patron.

3.4 Data Analysis