coastal area and the Central Sulawesi province. The seasonal fishing period of this kind is lasted for around 3 months.
4.4 Socio-economic Conditions
The characteristics of the island population can be illustrated by their accessibility to social services, including information and spatial accessibility to
the cities or more developed mainland areas. In general, the basic social services is education and health infrastructure. It is to show that the qualities of these
services and accessibility have been driven them to have the present livelihood decisions, and at the same time show the nature of their livelihoods.
Education Level and Infrastructure
The education level of small island community is apprehensive Table 23. Most of the community studied have only undergone elementary school 6-year
basic school, either fully completed or not. It is less likely that they continue their study in higher study, due to various reasons, including low motivation and lack of
education infrastructure in small islands, as shown below Coremap- Socioeconomic Team 2001:
1. Education infrastructure is minimal in the island, most only offers elementary school. Only Rajuni Kecil offers a junior high school. Moreover, teachers
frequently leave the island and abandon to teach for weeks or months. 2. Parents are constrained to support their children to follow higher level of
education in another area i.e. in the cities or mainland, while have limited money to finance the tuition and living costs, and at the same time lose the
opportunity to earn money from the fishery conducted by the children. 3. Children naturally follow the means of livelihood of their parents in coastal
fishery, which stems from a limited vision of other options of livelihood. Nevertheless, even a high school graduate will then ‘only’ become a
fisherman who can actually be practiced by an elementary school graduate. A short distance to a city or mainland is assumed to improve the education
attainment of the islanders, while schooling children can easily reach both the school in the city and their homes in the island. However, this is not shown in
Barrang Caddi which is located only one hour regular boat from the Makassar city. The community has similar low motivation and grounds compared with other
small islands studied located distantly from the mainland. The proliferation of
highly commercial exported fishes has greatly contributed to this situation. Both parents and children prefer that children earn money rather than spend money for
higher-level education and lose valuable time and opportunity.
Table 23 Level of education
Education level Rajuni Kecil
Island
Rajuni Besar
Island Tarupa
Island Kapoposang
Island Barrang
Caddi Island
No schooling
1
20 28 48 19
18 Elementary
2
72 66 50 73 77 Junior high
5 3
2 5
3 Senior high
2 3
0.4 4
2 1-2-or-3 year
undergraduate 1 0 0.1 0.4 0.4
4-year undergraduate
0.2 0 0 0 0.1
Total
100 1,074
100 387
100 711
100 486
100 1,337
Note:
1
Including those who are yet on schooling year below 6 years old.
2
Including those completed and not completed.
Nevertheless, religious culture remains intense in the rural fishing villages as in the selected small islands. A religious informal education for children, in the
form of Koran recitation is well-running in Kapoposang and Rajuni Kecil. The same situation is not easily observable in Tarupa and Barrang Caddi.
Health Infrastructure
Health infrastructure is served by a public health center or puskesmas pembantu in each island, except in Barrang Caddi, where people go to
Makassar city to acquire health services. Nevertheless, each island is served by one or two nursemaids. However, the same situation of teacher’s availability in
schools also occurs in health service, except in those islands where the nursemaid is the island resident. When nursemaid or medicines are not available,
community ought to go to or pick them up in other islands or in the cities.
Electricity
Gasoline-generated electricity of an island-wide provided for all community members is available in all studied islands. It works six hours per day, from
evening until midnight 6 to 12 PM. Therefore, information flows from television and radio is available, even though only limited. Table 24 illustrates the start
establishment of the island-wide electricity system. Prior to its existence, the
community obtain electricity from a generator, in which each can serve a limited number of households.
Table 24 Establishment of island-wide electricity system
Electricity Rajuni Kecil Island
Rajuni Besar Island Tarupa
Island Kapoposang
Island Barrang
Caddi Island Start
1999 2004 March 2004
2004 1997 Assisted
by LP3M with
donor assistance
from JICA- Japan
Coremap program by
way of LP3M Coremap
program by way of LP3M
District government
LP3M with donor
assistance from JICA-
Japan
4.5 Population: Ethnicity and Origin
