1. Identification of needs for materials and exploration of needs
In this stage, a needs analysis was conducted to gather information about the target needs and learning needs. After the data results of needs analysis
were gathered, the results were analysed for designing learning materials and creating a course grid. Fr
om the questionnaire and interview’s results, the researcher found the learning and target needs. The needs analysis was
conducted by distributing questionnaires to the students of junior high school and interviewing the English teacher.
2. Contextual and Pedagogical realization of materials
In this stage, the researcher developed the course grid used in the materials. The course grid was developed based on the curriculum used in the
junior high school, with adjustment from the needs analysis results. The contents of course grid were the ideas, context or text, appropriate exercises
or activities, etc.
3. Physical production of materials
After deciding the course grid, the units of materials were designed. Besides from the course grid, the designing process involved the results of the
needs analysis. The results of the needs analysis showed the suitable ideas, context or text for the materials. Then, the researcher made the appropriate
exercises or activities. In addition, the formats of materials were taken into account in the process. From this whole process, it produced the first draft of
materials.
4. Expert Judgment
The first draft was consulted with the expert. The aim of expert judgment was to examine the materials. It examined every part of the materials; the
content, presentation, language and the lay out. The results of expert judgment were used as the base for writing the final draft.
5. Writing the final draft
After getting feedback from the expert, the materials were revised. The suggestions and feedbacks from the expert were combined to revise the first
draft to be the second draft or the final draft.
D. Research Instruments
As the goal of this research is to develop writing materials for an educational program, there were important points needed to be considered.
They were obtaining the learning and target needs. To gain the learning needs and target needs data, the researcher distributed questionnaires and did an
interview. The questionnaires were distributed to the students in order to do needs
analysis on English writing materials. The results of these questionnaires were used at the next stage of this research. Here is the organization of the
questionnaires.
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