Identification of needs for materials and exploration of needs Contextual and Pedagogical realization of materials Physical production of materials

Table 3 : Questionnaire Organization No Aspects The Purpose of the Questions Item Number References 1. The Student’s Profile To find the information about students’ profile A Hutchinson and Waters 1987: 63 2. Necessities To find out the students’ expectation of learning 1 Brown 2001: 142 Nunan 2004: 174 To find out the students’ needs in terms of target situation 2 Hutchinson 1987: 55 3. Wants To find out students’ want related to the materials 3 Hutchinson 1987: 55 4. Setting To find out learners’ preferred learning mode 4 Nunan 2004: 70- 73 5. Procedures To find the information about students’ opinion of learning activities in the classroom 8 Nunan 2004: 53- 63 6. Lack To find the learners’ lack 5,12 Hutchinson and Waters 2006: 62 7. Learners’ Role To find out learners’ role 11 Nunan 2004: 14 8. Teachers’ Roles To find out the teacher’s roles in the classroom 10 Nunan 2004: 64- 70 9. Input To find the information about the students’ opinion of the learning aids 6,7,9 Nunan 2004: 47 To support the needs of the research, the research conducted an interview. It was held in order to gain information about target and learning needs. The researcher interviewed the English teacher of SMPN 3 Kalasan. Besides the first questionnaires, the researcher also used second questionnaire to evaluate the first material draft. The questionnaire evaluated the materials appropriateness and comic strips appropriateness. It was distributed to the expert of material design. The questionnaire followed the standard of Instrument Penilaian Buku Bahasa Inggris created by Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan BSNP and taken from McCloud 2006. The organization of second questionnaire was presented in Table 4. Table 4 : Evaluation Instruments No. Components of evaluation Number of item Reference 1. The appropriateness of content 1 – 8 BSNP 2. The appropriateness of language 9 – 16 BSNP 3. . The appropriateness presentation 17 – 25 BSNP 4. The appropriateness of lay out 26 – 34 BSNP 5. The appropriateness of content and language of comic strips 35-39 McCloud 2006: 128- 132 6. The appropriateness of comic illustration 40 - 49 McCloud 2006: 39-44, 140-145, 178- 179

E. Data Analysis Technique

As mentioned before in the previous section, there were two kinds of questionnaires distributed to the subjects of research. The first questionnaires used for needs analysis was analysed through calculating percentage of each answers. The percentage was calculated by dividing the number of frequency