g. Synonymy: it is a near TL equivalent. Here economy trumps accuracy.
SL: The advanced guard TL: Pengawal canggih
h. Through-translation: it is the literal translation of common collocations,
names of organizations and components of compounds. It can also be called: calque or loan translation.
SL: It rains cats and dogs TL: Hujan sangat lebat
i. Shifts or transpositions: it involves a change in the grammar from SL to TL,
for instance, 1 Change from singular to plural, SL: There are children playing in the garden.
TL: Ada banyak anak bermain di taman. 2 Change required when a specific SL structure does not exist in the TL,
SL: She was unconscious when she arrived at the hospital. TL: Setibanya di rumah sakit, dia sudah dalam keadaan tidak sadar.
3 Change of an SL adjective to a TL verb, and so forth. SL: We had a quarrel.
TL: Kami bertengkar. j.
Modulation: it occurs when the translator reproduces the message of the original text in the TL text in conformity with the current norms of the TL,
since the SL and the TL may appear dissimilar in terms of perspective.
SL: Jiggly jellyfish TL: Ubur-ubur bergoyang
k. Recognized translation: it occurs when the translator normally uses the
official or the generally accepted translation of any institutional term. SL: Trade Minister
TL: Menteri Perdagangan l.
Compensation: it occurs when loss of meaning in one part of a sentence is compensated in another part.
SL: Green with envy TL: Cemburu
m. Paraphrase: in this procedure the meaning of the text is explained. Here the
explanation is much more detailed than that of descriptive equivalent. SL: He looks green at the gills.
TL: Dia kelihatan pucat. n.
Reduction and Expansion: in this procedure, the translators do constriction and expansion of meaning.
SL: The month of fasting for Muslim TL: Ramadhan Reduction
o. Couplets: it occurs when the translator combines two different procedures.
20
20
Peter Newmark, op. cit. pp. 81-91
The procedure of transference cannot be asserted to be effective where connotations and implied meanings are significant. Newmarks solution of the
mentioned problem is as follows: first translate the word that underlies the SL proper name into the TL, and then naturalize the translated word back into a new SL proper
name.
21
21
Peter Newmark, Textbook, p. 215
23
CHAPTER III RESEARCH RESULT
A. Data Description
The writer would like to show the following data which are taken from the bilingual book, Strawberry Shortcake Makeover Madness by Samantha Brooke and
The Butterfly Ride by Amy Ackelsberg. The writer analyzes the selected data such as: words, phrases, and sentences and then, compares it with its translation. The selected
data includes the types of communicative translation that are used by translator Windarta Hapsari.
B. Data Analysis
In data analysis, the writer compares the English version SL and Indonesian version TL of the Bilingual book to find out the data that contain of communicative
translation and tries to classify it which will be analyzed by using the relevant theory: Newmark‟s perspective in communicative translation. The data can be analyzed as
follows:
Datum 1
SL : I can‟t wait until my friends see this
TL : Aku ingin segera menunjukkan pada teman-temanku
In this sentence, the translator uses different syntactical contraction to get a good meaning transfer. The SL uses compound sentence indicated by two clauses
while the TL uses a simple sentence indicated by single clause. The translator does it to get the translation result more simple and easier to be understood. Here, there are
some reductions or elimination of words which do not break the meaning of source text by changing the negative sentence into positive sentence such as “I can‟t wait . .
.” it is translated as “Aku ingin segera . . .”. The translator also reduces the original text without eliminating the purpose or meani
ng such as eliminating word “until” in the source text “I can‟t wait until my friends see this”. This sentence has meaning
that Lemon Meringue as speaker wants to show the thing that she has found to her friends immediately. So that the translator reduces
“until” and translates “can‟t wait” become “segera” in TL.
It is considered communicative because it fulfills four principles of communicative translation method; it is concentrates on the message, it is attempt to
be more simple and brief in selecting word and it was natural. Therefore, the TL can be categorized by communicative translation. Overall the sentence from the target
text is still reasonable and comprehensive enough for target readers.
Datum 2
SL : “It does manicure like magic, gives perfect pedicure, and style hair faster
than you‟ve ever seen before” TL
: “Ia bisa melakukan medikur dengan ajaib, pedikur dengan sempurna, dan
menata rambut lebih cepat dari pada yang pernah kalian lihat”
In this sentence, the translator uses the naturalization borrowing to naturalize the word manicure and pedicure. In TL, the translator does not explain what manicure
and pedicure is. According to Cambridge Dictionary, manicure means “a treatment for the hand which involves softening the skin and making the nails look better by
cutting, smoothing and possibly painting”,
22
while pedicure means “a beauty treatment for the feet which involves cutting and sometimes painting the nails and
softening the skin”.
23
The translator thought that manicure and pedicure has been adapted in TL, so that, she did not need to explain the words manicure and pedicure
clearly. Moreover the story is talking about barbershop; definitely, manicure and pedicure refer to the treatment of beauty nails and feet. In short, she just naturalizes
the words become “menikur” and “pedikur”. The translation of this sentence is also using literal translation method. Every
single word in this sentence is translated as its translation. Such as “magic” become “ajaib”, “perfect” become “sempurna”. The translator thought that the magic thing
can do something perfectly; therefore words “ajaib” and “sempurna” are appropriate
words for “magic” and “perfect”. The translator does not need to do some reduction or addition in TL because she has fixed it to be a good translation.
The TL text is considered communicative and has fulfilled the five principles of communicative translation method: it is oriented on the message, it is attempt to be
more simple and clear, it tends to under-translate, and how well short and meaningful
22
Elizabeth Walter, Cambridge Advance Learner‟s Dictionary, Third Addition. Cambridge: University
Press. 2008, p. 871
23
Ibid, p. 1048
language that is used by translator to translate the source text that cause the TL very natural. It is why this translation is very communicative.
Datum 3
SL : “I‟ll give it a try,” said Strawberry Shortcake.
TL : “Aku mau,” jawab Strawberry Shortcake.
In this sentence, the translator applies free translation method to translate the source text because grammatically, between SL and TL have different syntactical
structure. The SL uses simple future tense while TL uses simple present tense. Besides, there are unnecessary words reduction such as “. . . it a try” but TL still
provide the meaning of SL sentence. This translation also
uses one of translation‟s procedures; modulation that make the meaning, “give it a try” become “mau”. In Cambridge Dictionary, “give”
means “to offer something to someone, or to provide them with it”
24
and “try” as noun this this sentence means “an attempt to do something”.
25
In Indonesian language, according to An Indonesian-English Dictionary,
“mau” equivalent with “ingin” means “wish, desire”,
26
literally was very different wi th “give it a try”. If the
text translated literally, it will be “aku akan member ini percobaan”. It was so
difficult to understand and unnatural. That is why the translator used reversal of terms modulation to make the translation sound natural.
24
Ibid, p. 606
25
Ibid, p. 1564
26
John M. Echols, An Indonesian-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Jakarta: Gramedia, 1997, p. 223
