Types of Text in Communicative Translation
b. Naturalization: it adapts the SL word first to the normal pronunciation, then to
the normal morphology of the TL. SL: Ice Cream
TL: Es Krim c.
Cultural equivalent: it means replacing a cultural word in the SL with a TL text.
SL: Porto Bello Road TL: Porto Bello Road
d. Functional equivalent: it requires the use of a culture-neutral word.
SL: The House of Common TL: Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat MPR
e. Descriptive equivalent: in this procedure the meaning of the text is explained
in several words. The translators add some description that has correlation to make the sentence easier to understand.
SL: They were celebrating their annual Thanksgiving Day. TL: Mereka merayakan hari memperingati panen tahunan.
f. Componential analysis: it means comparing an SL word with a TL word
which has a similar meaning but is not an obvious one-to-one equivalent, by demonstrating first their common and then their differing sense components.
SL: He‟s been stayed for 2 months in his new Bungalow. TL: Dia telah menempati rumah barunya selama dua bulan.
g. Synonymy: it is a near TL equivalent. Here economy trumps accuracy.
SL: The advanced guard TL: Pengawal canggih
h. Through-translation: it is the literal translation of common collocations,
names of organizations and components of compounds. It can also be called: calque or loan translation.
SL: It rains cats and dogs TL: Hujan sangat lebat
i. Shifts or transpositions: it involves a change in the grammar from SL to TL,
for instance, 1 Change from singular to plural, SL: There are children playing in the garden.
TL: Ada banyak anak bermain di taman. 2 Change required when a specific SL structure does not exist in the TL,
SL: She was unconscious when she arrived at the hospital. TL: Setibanya di rumah sakit, dia sudah dalam keadaan tidak sadar.
3 Change of an SL adjective to a TL verb, and so forth. SL: We had a quarrel.
TL: Kami bertengkar. j.
Modulation: it occurs when the translator reproduces the message of the original text in the TL text in conformity with the current norms of the TL,
since the SL and the TL may appear dissimilar in terms of perspective.