Definition of English for Academic Purposes

learner needs to function in and then analyzing the constituent parts of them. In this case, the English reading skills are needed for success in doing learning process in International Mathematics Education class. b Lacks It is what the learner knows already in the target situation. The target proficiency needs to be matched against the existing proficiency of the learners. It is illustrated as a gap between the ideal situation with the real conditions. In this case, the lacks of student in International Mathematics Education class should be found out. c Wants There is another important thing to be considered after finding out students’ necessities and lacks. The students also have a view to what they want or they need. Hutchinson and Waters 1987 state that students’ perceived wants cannot be ignored. Wants related to what the students want to learn. In this case, students’ wants are important matters to consider the topic of the materials they want. 2 Learning needs According to Hutchinson and Waters 1987: 60-62, learning needs indicate how the learners are going to get from their starting point lacks to the destination necessities. The previous theories proposed by some experts show that needs analysis become a crucial thing in developing ESP materials. The developed materials should present students’ needs and interests in order to deliver the materials effectively.

3. Content – Based Instructions

a. Definition of Content – Based Instruction

Content-based instruction is used in a variety of language learning context. CBI has been applied for the teaching and learning process of second language students as well as foreign language students. This approach is appropriate for English for Academic Purposes program. Krahnke 1987:65 cited in Richards 2006 defines CBI as “the teaching of content or information in the language being learned with little or no direct explicit effort to teaching the language itself separately from the content being taught”. In this case, content means the information or subject matter that learners; learn or communicate through language. In line with this statement, Richards 2006 claims that content-based instruction can be used as the framework of a unit, as the guiding principle for course, as a course that helps students in mainstreaming, and as the basic thought for the use of English as a medium for teaching some school subjects in an English foreign language setting.