D. Instruments of the Study
Instruments are needed in gaining the data when doing a research. There are some types of instruments that can be used in gathering the data. It is based on the
type of the study. In this research, the instruments used in gathering the data were the needs analysis questionnaire and the expert judgment questionnaire.
The first questionnaire is needs analysis questionnaire. The purpose of this questionnaire is to find out the data about the target needs and learning needs. The
organization of this questionnaire is adapted from Graves 2000, Hutchinson and Waters 1987 and Nunan 2004.
Table 4: The Organization of the Needs Analysis Questionnaire No
Aspects The
Items number
Purpose of the Question
References
1 Students’
personal identity B
To find
some information concerning
on the learners’ identity
Graves 2000:103
Hutchinson and Waters
1987:63
Target Needs
2 Goals
1, 4 To
find some
information about
learners’ goal
in learning English
Graves 2000:104
Kurikulum Pendidikan
Matematika Internasional
3 Necessities
2, 3 To
find some
information about
Hutchinson and Waters
learners’ need in the target situation for their
job as learners and in the future
1987:55 Nunan
2004:61-63
4 Lacks
5, 6, 7, 9 To find information
about learners’ gap between what should
they have known and what should they know
Hutchinson and Waters
1987:55-56
5 Wants
8 To find information
about learners’ want to be included in the
materials Hutchinson and
Waters 1987:56
Learning Needs
6 Input
10, 11, 12 To find
some information about what
kind of input that the students
want in
English reading
materials Nunan
2004:47-52
7 Procedures
13, 14, 15 To find
some information
about activities that learners
should do with the input within the tasks
Nunan 2004:53-63
8 Setting
16, 17, 18 To find
some information
about situations
of the
learning process will be taken place
Nunan 2004:64-70
9 Learners’ role
20 To
find some
information about
learners’ role
in carrying out the tasks
Nunan 2004:64-70
10 Teachers’ role
19 To
find some
information about
teachers’ role in the teaching and learning
process Nunan
2004:64-70
The second questionnaire is the expert judgment questionnaire. The purpose of this questionnaire is to know opinions and suggestions about the materials
from the expert of reading and materials. The result of this questionnaire is to revise the first draft of the materials. This questionnaire is adapted from BSNP.
Table 5: The Organization of the Expert Judgment Questionnaire No
The purpose of the question References
1 To find out the appropriateness of the content in the
materials BSNP
2 To find out the appropriateness of the presentation in the
materials BSNP
3 To find out the appropriateness of the language in the
materials BSNP
4 To find out the appropriateness of the layout of the
materials BSNP