Conceptual Framework LITERATURE REVIEW

D. Instruments of the Study

Instruments are needed in gaining the data when doing a research. There are some types of instruments that can be used in gathering the data. It is based on the type of the study. In this research, the instruments used in gathering the data were the needs analysis questionnaire and the expert judgment questionnaire. The first questionnaire is needs analysis questionnaire. The purpose of this questionnaire is to find out the data about the target needs and learning needs. The organization of this questionnaire is adapted from Graves 2000, Hutchinson and Waters 1987 and Nunan 2004. Table 4: The Organization of the Needs Analysis Questionnaire No Aspects The Items number Purpose of the Question References 1 Students’ personal identity B To find some information concerning on the learners’ identity Graves 2000:103 Hutchinson and Waters 1987:63 Target Needs 2 Goals 1, 4 To find some information about learners’ goal in learning English Graves 2000:104 Kurikulum Pendidikan Matematika Internasional 3 Necessities 2, 3 To find some information about Hutchinson and Waters learners’ need in the target situation for their job as learners and in the future 1987:55 Nunan 2004:61-63 4 Lacks 5, 6, 7, 9 To find information about learners’ gap between what should they have known and what should they know Hutchinson and Waters 1987:55-56 5 Wants 8 To find information about learners’ want to be included in the materials Hutchinson and Waters 1987:56 Learning Needs 6 Input 10, 11, 12 To find some information about what kind of input that the students want in English reading materials Nunan 2004:47-52 7 Procedures 13, 14, 15 To find some information about activities that learners should do with the input within the tasks Nunan 2004:53-63 8 Setting 16, 17, 18 To find some information about situations of the learning process will be taken place Nunan 2004:64-70 9 Learners’ role 20 To find some information about learners’ role in carrying out the tasks Nunan 2004:64-70 10 Teachers’ role 19 To find some information about teachers’ role in the teaching and learning process Nunan 2004:64-70 The second questionnaire is the expert judgment questionnaire. The purpose of this questionnaire is to know opinions and suggestions about the materials from the expert of reading and materials. The result of this questionnaire is to revise the first draft of the materials. This questionnaire is adapted from BSNP. Table 5: The Organization of the Expert Judgment Questionnaire No The purpose of the question References 1 To find out the appropriateness of the content in the materials BSNP 2 To find out the appropriateness of the presentation in the materials BSNP 3 To find out the appropriateness of the language in the materials BSNP 4 To find out the appropriateness of the layout of the materials BSNP