11 3
Speech The author can give us an insight into the character of one of the persons in
the book through what that person says. Whenever a person speaks, whenever he is in conversation with another, whenever he puts forward an opinion, he is giving us
some clues to his character Murphy 164. 4
Past life By letting the reader learn something about a person’s past life the author can
give us a clue to events that have helped to shape a person’s character. This can be done by direct comment by the author, through the person’s thoughts, through his
conversation or through the medium of another person Murphy 166. 5
Conversation of others The author gives us clues to a person’s character through the conversations of
other people and the things they say about him Murphy 167. 6
Reactions The author gives us a clue to a person’s character by letting us know how that
person reacts to various situations and events Murphy 168. 7
Direct Comment The author describes or comments on a person’s character directly Murphy
170. 8
Thought The author gives us direct knowledge of what a person is thinking about. In
this respect, he is able to do what we cannot do in real life. he can tell us what different people are thinking Murphy 171.
12 9
Mannerism The author describes a person’s mannerism, habits and idiosyncrasies which
may also tell us something about his character Murphy 173. By implementing those methods, it can help the readers to portray the
characters in the novel as a real person. Therefore, the readers can have better insight in understanding the novel. In this study, not all of the methods are used to analyze
the main character. It is adjusted to the need of the analysis. Since the character in this study mostly shows his characters through his habits and manners therefore only
mannerism is used in this study.
3. Critical Approach
Reading and understanding the story of a novel offers some benefits for us. It can give us more knowledge, pleasure and also increase our imagination. Moreover
we also have a good understand ing about the symbols and are able to gain the messages from the story. Therefore, to understand the story deeper, we need to
analyze it from different point of views or different approaches. According to Rorhberger and Woods Jr in Reading and Writing about Literature Rorhberger and
Woods Jr 3, there are five approaches that can be used to analyze a work of literature.
The first is the formalist approach, which investigates the work of literature itself Rorhberger and Woods Jr 6. The second is the biographical approach, which
focuses on the author’s personality, life and development to understand the social structure or way of life of the author so that the readers can draw conclusions and
13 understand the story better Rorhberger and Woods 8. The third is the socio cultural
historical approach, which investigates place, or society that is reflected in the literary work Rorhberger and Woods 9. The fourth is the mythopoeic approach,
which emphasizes the universal patterns of human behavior and thought underlying work Rorhberger and Woods 11. The last is the psychological approach, which
reflects life and representation of human motivation and behavior. This approach involves the effort to locate and demonstrates certain recurrent patterns, and brings
us to analyze the novel from human being’s psychological point of view. Psychological approach analyzes a novel based on a theory of psychology. This
analysis describes the character not only the appearance but deeper in the personality psychologically Rorhberger and Woods 13.
This study concerns human motivation and behavior. Therefore, psychological approach is applied since it helps the writer analyze the character in the novel deeper
through psychological point of view.
4. Conflicts
Since each person is different from another, conflicts always exist in human life. Each person in this world has a different way of thinking in facing a problem.
Hence, in a relationship with others, a person might have some differences which can lead him to a certain conflict.
In a story, conflicts usually appear when there is a problem and the main character or the characters decide what to do about them. Redman in A Second Book
of Plays defines a conflict as a struggle between two opposing forces, ideas or PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
