7 According to Stanton’s An Introduction to Fiction, characters are individuals who
appear in the story and to refer to the mixture of interest, desires, emotions and moral principles that makes up each of individual Stanton 17. In this study,
characters are the persons who play the role in the story. 5.
Personal Life As cited from http:www.brainyquote.comwords.html, personal means relating
to an individual, his character, conduct, mo tives, or private affairs, in an invidious and offensive manner; as, personal reflection or remarks. While life is
defined as a certain way or manner of living with respect to conditions, circumstances, character, conduct, occupation, etc,; hence, human affairs; also,
lives, considered collectively, as a distinct class or type; as, low life; a good or evil life, etc. In this study, personal life refers to Chick’s way of life influenced
by the conditions, circumstances and conflicts happen in his life. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
8
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter consists of two main parts. The first part is review of related theories which includes theory of character, characterization, critical approach,
conflicts, family and family relationship. The second part is theoretical framework.
A. Review of Related Theories
This part includes the theories applied in conducting the study. The theories are the theory of character, characterization, critical approach, conflicts, family and
family relationship.
1. Character
In this part, the definition of character and the kinds of character are discussed.
a. Definition of Character
Nobody in this world is the same; there must be some differences that make each person unique. Those differences on character make people look different from
each other. Since novel is a portrait of human life, character plays an important role in a novel that helps the reader obtain better understanding of the story. By reading
the names of the characters in the novel and reading the comments by the author, we can picture them in our mind about how they look like, what they do in the story and
how they are related to each other. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
9 According to Stanton’s in An Introduction to Fiction, characters are
individuals who appear in the story and to refer to the mixture of interest, desires, emotions and moral principles that makes up each of individual Stanton 17. While
Forster’s in Aspects of the Novel, defines character as a number of word masses roughly description about himself which includes names and sex, plausible gestures,
language and behavior Forster 31.
b. Kinds of Character
Perrine in Literature: Structure, Sound and Sense, divides the characters into static and dynamic. A static character is a person who does not experience the
changes throughout the story although he faces many problems in his life. He only makes little changes during his life. On the other hand, a dynamic character is a
person who develops the character a lot through problems in his life Perrine 71. Henkle in Reading the Novel, divides character into two, major character and
secondary character. A major character is the most important and complex character in the novel. Secondary characters are people in the novel who perform more limited
function. Their role in the story is less complex and less interesting Henkle 89. Forster in Aspects of the Novel, classifies characters into flat and round
characters. A flat character can be expressed in one sentence. This character can be easily recognized whenever he comes in. A flat character is also easily remembered
by the reader afterwards. This character is not changed by circumstances. While a round character cannot be summed up in a single phrase. This character often
experiences changes, so the readers cannot remember this character easily Forster 46.
