spiritually, and this is done by using language as a means of communication with other human being.
English is one of languages that is massively learned by many people in the world for many purposes. It is increasingly being used as a tool for interaction
among non-native speakers in the world and it is used by more than one billion English speakers of the world. English is learnt and taught in many different
contexts, and in many different class arrangements which is obtained through education in formal and informal ways.
Education is an area of work through which can be hoped to improve quality of life Novak, 1977. One of the ways to improve the quality of life is by
learning English language as an International language. English education is an area of work in which there are some efforts to make teaching and learning
English more effective and efficient in order to help the learners to apply their language and knowledge actively. Hopefully, they can use it to communicate and
interact with other speakers of other countries and to participate in building world.
a. English as a medium of communication
English is used to communicate with people from different language backgrounds. English becomes an international language or global language since
it is used as lingua franca by many speakers in the world. David Crystal 2003 maintains that English is the language most widely taught as a foreign language in
over 100 countries. This situation makes English becoming Englishes and English as the global language or international language. In the period of global English,
English is used for international communication among countries as a language of wider communication in multilingual societies in postmodern era.
The rapid growing of English as a communication tool has been learned by many people in the world. English, as one of international languages, is needed
since many information use English language and it is inevitable to admit that English has been spread in many important aspects of human being; economy,
politic, technology and any other aspects. Furthermore, there are some reasons why English becomes so widely used on this earth. Crystal 2003:78-81 argues
that the use of English in all over the world can simply be understood by considering these aspects: political development, access to knowledge,
international relations, international travel, international safety, education, and media.
b. English as a medium of instruction
Krashen 1981 as quoted in Ellis 2003 distinguished acquisition and learning. Acquisition refers to the subconscious process of picking up a language
through exposure and learning refers to the conscious process of studying a language. The learner both ‘learns’ and ‘acquires’ the language items through
what is called input. Input itself is all language samples written or orally which are being expressed to a learner. This input can be the teaching materials and the
instruction from the teacher. The learners actually are not aware while they are trying to understand the message or the meaning from teacher’s instruction. They
‘acquires’ a language. One of the inputs that the learners are frequently obtained is instruction. Learners basically ‘acquire’ the language or pick up the langue item
subconsciously by listening to teacher’s instruction, or reading the instruction from the exercisestextbooks.
According to Ellis 2002, formal instruction is an attempt to make learners give attention on specific properties of language, in this case is
vocabulary items, so that learners will learn new words in communication between teacher and learner or learner and learner. The advantage of using
English language as a medium of instruction is to improve learners’s language proficiency.
Brown 2001:49 also supports the idea using English language as a medium of instruction in classroom. He states that when language becomes the
medium to convey informational content of interest and relevance to the learner, then learners are pointed toward matters of intrinsic concern. Language takes on
its appropriate role as a vehicle for accomplishing a set of content goals. Brown adds that using as a medium of instruction endorses some
principles, namely: 1 cognitive principles, consist of automaticity, meaningful learning, the anticipation of reward, intrinsic motivation, strategic investment, 2
affective principles, consist of language ego, self-confidence, risk-taking, the language-culture connection, 3 linguistic principles, consist of the native
language effect, interlanguage and communicative competence. He also explains that teaching methodology in the classroom, especially, how the language
classroom techniques can encourage, build, and sustain effective language- learning strategies in the learners.
Furthermore, Harmer 2007, stated that using of English as a medium of instruction is to create an English environment or situation to encourage learning
atmosphere especially in countries where English is not the first, or the second language. He also added that the instruction in the classroom has an important role
since it becomes the first and the primary comprehensible input in the classroom.
2. Learning and Teaching
