C. OPERATION
In this part, the research data source, instrumentation, data gathering, data processing and trustworthiness are explained.
1. Data Source
In the data source there were four classroom observations of class X, XI and XII and several interviews of participants in the research. The participants of
this research were a deputy principal, two English teachers, a content-course teacher, a tutor and twelve learners at SMA Internasional Budi Mulia Dua.
Totally, there were 17 participants interviewed in this research. The setting of this research was at SMA Internasional Budi Mulia Dua. All of the participants were
from the school. The participants were selected get valid information about the interactive principles in English learning and teaching interaction happens in the
school.
2. Instrumentation
It used several kinds of instruments to gather the data, namely: note taking from observation of classes and also interview transcripts. These instruments were
used to gain information about the interactive principles in English learning and teaching interaction at SMA Internasional Budi Mulia Dua Yogyakarta. The data
sources were taken from participants to get more detailed data information based on their experience, their needs and what they were reflected. After collecting
data, it was coded and categorized from the data gathered. Interview transcripts from recording, observation notes and other written documents formed the data of
the research generate theories. It was necessary to have research guidelines for each technique in making of data collection instruments. The first guideline is
observation guideline.
Table 3.1: Observation guideline of the research
No. Activity
1. Observing the process of learning and teaching from the
beginning up to the end 2.
Observing teachers’ treatment to the learners 3.
Observing the teachers’ activities and their roles 4.
Observing the learners’ activities and their roles 5.
Observing the resources used 6.
Observing classroom environment and condition The other instrument was interview needed for data collection. The
interviews were gathered by a guideline to get systematic interview.
Table 3.2: Interview guideline of the research
No. Interviewee
Topics 1.
Deputy principal
1. The general characteristics of the school 2. Curriculum used in the school
3. Program and activities of the school 4. English learning and teaching process in the
school generally 5. The school efforts to improve quality
learning and teaching
2.
Teachers 1. Teaching and learning process from the
beginning to the end 2. Preparation for the lesson
3. The activities indoor and outdoor 4. Teacher’s role and the way of teaching
5. The way of understanding of learners’ needs
and efforts 6. Interaction in the class
7. Treatment of passive learner 8. The resources and media used
9. Assessment process 10. Evaluation process
3.
Content- course
Teacher and Tutor
1. Teaching and learning process from the beginning to the end
2. The preparation before teaching 3. Teacher’s role
4. The way of teaching 5. The resource used
6. Treatment for learners 7. Assessment process
8. Evaluation process
4.
Learners 1. Teaching and learning process from the
beginning to the end 2. The activities indoor and outdoor
3. The way of learning and the learner’s roles 4. Interaction in the class
5. Learner inclusivity in the class 6. Evaluation process
3. Data Gathering
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