11. Hyperbole
It is included in trope
.
It is bold or the extravagant exaggeration of fact or of possibility Harpham and Abrams: 2009
.
It gives overstatement of something and make it bigger, more important or worse than it really is
.
In other words, hyperbole is exaggerating or overstatement toward something
or someone
.
Cuddon in Duboviciene and Skorupa 2015 states that it is containing exaggeration for emphasis
.
The example of hyperbole from Othello “Iago says gloatingly of othello” III
.
iii
.
330ff: 20 Not Poppy nor Mandragora,
Nor all the drawsy syrups of the world, Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep
Which thou ou”dst sleep yesterday
.
taken from Harpham and Abrams
12. Irony
It is the next type of figure of speech
.
It can be a phrase or word where the situation is contradictory towards the word or the phrase itself
.
The meaning of the words or phrases are not to be taken literary Wales: 2001
.
Irony often appears in daily conversation when something is contradictory from the reality then people give their argument through
indirect speech
.
It is appropriate with Wales 2001: 224 who reveals that “Irony is major rhetorical strategy, and it is often be the characteristic of
indirect speech”
.
Hence, there was a character in Greek comedy named eiron PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
means a dissembler Harpham and Abrams: 2000
.
The examples for this figure of speech are:
21 What lovely weather when it is raining
.
22 It’s a truth universally acknowledge that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife
ironically, it is a single woman is in want of rich husband
.
It is taken from Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austin
.
13
.
Isocolon
It is a type of figure of speech with phrases or clauses in which they have equal length and parallel in syntax and rhythm Wales: 2001
.
The example for this figure of speech is:
23 It takes a licking, but it keeps on ticking
.
15. Litotes
According to Wales 2001, litotes cames from Greek “small” or “meagre”
.
It expresses a positive side of something using the opposite
.
In other words, litotes uses negative expression to show the opposite whether
praising or damning
.
Wales also argues that “litotes is often a useful indirect strategy for reasons of modesty or politeness”
.
There is another opinion form Abrams and Harpham 2009
.
They reveal that litotes comes from Greek “plain” or “simple”
.
Litotes is the assertion of an affirmative by negating its contrary
.
The following sentence is the example of litotes: 24 he is not the brightest man in the world
.