means a dissembler Harpham and Abrams: 2000
.
The examples for this figure of speech are:
21 What lovely weather when it is raining
.
22 It’s a truth universally acknowledge that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife
ironically, it is a single woman is in want of rich husband
.
It is taken from Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austin
.
13
.
Isocolon
It is a type of figure of speech with phrases or clauses in which they have equal length and parallel in syntax and rhythm Wales: 2001
.
The example for this figure of speech is:
23 It takes a licking, but it keeps on ticking
.
15. Litotes
According to Wales 2001, litotes cames from Greek “small” or “meagre”
.
It expresses a positive side of something using the opposite
.
In other words, litotes uses negative expression to show the opposite whether
praising or damning
.
Wales also argues that “litotes is often a useful indirect strategy for reasons of modesty or politeness”
.
There is another opinion form Abrams and Harpham 2009
.
They reveal that litotes comes from Greek “plain” or “simple”
.
Litotes is the assertion of an affirmative by negating its contrary
.
The following sentence is the example of litotes: 24 he is not the brightest man in the world
.
The example means the man is stupid because it used an expression of saying something through the contrary
.
16. Metonymy
It is a figure of speech which can replace one thing to other things which are closely associated Baldick: 1996
.
Sometimes it is used for describing an object through another object but they still closely related each
other
.
Baldick 1996 also states that an important kind of metonymy is synecdoche
.
The examples are: 25 Pen is mightier than the sword means writing is more powerful
than warfare
.
26 The press replacement for journalism 27 Mozart for Mozart’s Music
.
17
.
Metaphor
It is almost the same as metonymy but it describes an object through another object which have the same characteristic
.
Metaphor is a figure of speech that tries to describe one thing, idea or action through using
another which have similar characteristics Baldick: 1996
.
In another word, Harpham and Abrams 2000 argue that metaphor is a word or expression
which represent one thing to a distinctly different kind of thing but without asserting any comparison
.
The examples for metaphor are : 28 John is a pig
29 O my love is a red, red rose 30 Eye, gazelle, delicate wander
