Analysis of Transitivity Process in Earth God Shrine A. Material Process

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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 Analysis

This analysis includes the analysis of participants, processes, and circumstances in the data. The first data is a short story from the Chinese Pen‘s book, Earth God Shrine written by Chuang Hua- t‘ang. There are 492 simple clauses that have been analyzed based on SFTL, focused on the transitivity system. However, the writer chose some clauses only as the sample to be described more clearly in this chapter. The whole analysis is enclosed in the appendices.

4.1.1 Analysis of Transitivity Process in Earth God Shrine A. Material Process

Material Process is a process of doing. Material process can be classified into two types: creative and dispositive. Creative type of material process is a process in which the goal is brought about by the process or the goal is the result of the process, and dispositive is a process of doing to or happening. Universitas Sumatera Utara 53 The creative type of material process in Earth God Shrine short story is found in 7 clauses through the verbs: turned on, curled, slapped, opened, picked up, needed and raised. The table below shows the sample of creative type. Table 4.1 Sample of Creative Type of Material Process No Creative Types 1 He turned on the 50 watt bulb He turned on the 50 watt bulb Actor Material: creative Goal 2 Prosperity curled his face toward the earthen wall Prosperity curled his face toward the earthen wall Actor Material: creative Goal Circ.loc: place 3 He slapped Prosperity on the butt He slapped Prosperity on the butt Actor Material: creative Goal Circ.loc: place 4 He opened the creaking wooden door He opened the creaking wooden door Actor Material: creative Goal 5 He picked up the feather duster He picked up the feather duster carefully Actor Material: creative Goal Circ: quality 6 I need a hand in the fields I need a hand in the fields Actor Material: creative Goal Circ.loc: place 7 Loyalty raised his hand Loyalty Raised his hand Actor Material: creative Goal The sample of number 1 in the table above shows that turned on belongs to the creative type of material process. It is a doing process in which the 50 watt bulb is the goal that is brought about by the process. It means that the 50 watt bulb is the result of the process, Universitas Sumatera Utara 54 and the clause is complete, because it is completed by the actor He. It is considered as the dependent clause because it does not need other sentence to make a complete meaning. The sample of number 2, curled belongs to the creative types of material process. His face is the goal that is brought about by the process or it is a result of the process. The actor or the one which did the process is Prosperity. The clause is also completed by circumstance of place that shows where the process is taking places. The sample of number 3 shows that slapped is a creative type of material process. Prosperity is the goal that is brought about by the process or it is a result of the process. The clause is also completed by circumstance of place that shows where the process is taking place. This clause is also completed by the actor ‗He‟ or the one who did the process. The sample in number 4 shows that opened is a creative type of material process. The cracking wooden door is the goal that is brought about by the process or it is a result of the process. The actor or the one who did the process is He. This clause is not completed by the circumstance. The sample of number 5 in the table above shows that picked up belong to the creative type of material process. It is a doing process in which the feather duster is the result of the process. The actor or the one which did the process is He, in which it is a conscious human. This clause is also completed by circumstance of quality that is carefully that informs the reader about the manner of an actor did the process. The sample of number 6 in the table shows that need belongs to the creative type of material process. It is a doing process in which a hand is the goal that is brought about by the process. It means that a hand is the result of the process. This clause is also completed by the circumstance of place that shows where the process is taking place. The sample in number 7 shows that raised belongs to the creative type of material process. It is a doing process in which his head is the goal that is brought about by the process. It means that his head is the result of the process. This clause is also completed by the actor or one who did the process that is Loyalty. The actor in this clause is the conscious human. Universitas Sumatera Utara 55 Then, the dispositive type of material process in Earth God Shrine is found in 5 clauses through the verbs: move, come, finish, went out, and graduate. The sample of dispositive types of material process in Earth God Shrine is shown in the table below: Table 4.2 The sample of Dispositive Type of Material Process No Dispositive Type 1 He moved to the window He Moved to the window Actor Material: dispositive Circ: place 2 The children are coming home The children are coming home Actor Material: dispositive Circ: destination 3 One finished junior high school One finished junior high school Actor Material: dispositive Goal 4 He went out to check his fields He went out to check his fields Actor Material: dispositive Circ: purpose 5 The other graduated from college The other graduated from college Actor Material: dispositive Circ.loc: place The sample of dispositive type in number 1 as in the table above shows that move belongs to a process of happening. The doer of the process the actor is He, but there is no goal in that clause. The clause is also completed by circumstance of place that informs the reader where the process is taking place. In the sample of number 2 in the table above shows that come is a process of happening. It means that the verb belongs to dispositive type of material process. The actor of the process in this clause is the children. The clause is completed by the circumstance of destination that informs of where to the process is. The sample in number 3, finish belongs to dispositive type. It is a process of happening. The doer or actor in the clause is one, and the goal in this clause is junior high school. In this clause there is no circumstance found. Universitas Sumatera Utara 56 The sample of dispositive type in number 4 as in the table above shows that went out belongs to a process of happening. The doer or actor of the process is He. The clause is also completed by the circumstance of purpose, to check his fields, that informs the reader what is the objective of the process. But, in this clause, there is no goal. In the sample of number 5, the other belongs to the actor that did the action in the process. Graduated belongs to the dispositive type of material process. While, from college is the circumstance of location of place. In which it informs the reader where the process is taking place. But, this clause is not completed by the goal.

B. Mental Process

Mental process is a process of sensing. It can be classified into three types: perception, affection and cognition. Perception type of mental process is a process of perceiving through the five senses. In Earth God Shrine, the perception type is found in 2 clauses through the verbs: see and saw. The table below shows the sample of perception type of mental process in the clause. Table. 4.3 The Sample of Perception Type of Mental Process No Perception Type 1 They saw the old banyan trees They saw the old banyan trees Senser Mental: perception Phenomenon 2 He did not see his wife on the straw mat He did not see his wife on the straw mat Senser Mental: perception Phenomenon Circ.loc: place Perception type of mental process in number 1 as the sample in the table above is realized through the verb saw. Saw is a process of perceiving through the five senses, because we use our eyes to see something. The phenomenon the one that is seen of the clause is the old banyan trees. While, the senser in this clause is they the one who see. Universitas Sumatera Utara 57 In the sample of number 2, the perception type is realized through the verb see. See belongs to a process of perceiving through the five senses. It is through our eyes. The phenomenon of this clause is his wife the one who is seen by the senser. While, the senser or one who sees the phenomenon or the object is he. This clause is completed by circumstance of place, on the straw mat. It shows the location of the process take places. The next type of mental process is affection. Affection type is a process of feeling. In Earth God Shrine, the affection type of mental process is found in 2 clauses through the verbs: feel and like. The sample of affection type of mental process in Earth God Shrine is shown in table below. Table 4.4 The Sample of Affection Type of Mental Process No Affection Type 1 2 Father felt that he had lost face Father felt that he had lost face Senser Mental: affection Phenomenon Auntie Ah- K‘un did not like the fact Auntie Ah K‘un did not like the fact Senser Material: affection Phenomenon The sample of affection type of mental process as in the table above is realized through the verb felt. Felt means a feeling of feeling something. Because of that, it is a process of feeling. The clause is completed by the phenomenon, that he lost face. In the clause, Father belongs to the senser the one who feels. There is no circumstance in this clause. In the sample of number 2, the affection type is realized through the verb like. Like belongs to a process of feeling. The senser in the clause above is Auntie Ah K‟un the one who does not feel something. The senser belongs to the conscious human. While the phenomenon of this clause is the fact. Universitas Sumatera Utara 58 The last type of mental process is cognition. Cognition type is a process of thinking. Cognition type of mental process in Earth God Shrine is found in 3 clauses through the verbs: think, know, and understand. The table below shows the sample of cognition type of mental process. Table 4.5 The Sample of Cognition Type of Mental Process No Cognition Type 1 I do not think I do not think Senser Mental: cognition 2 Uncle Ah K‘un did not know what to say Uncle Ah K‘un did not know what to say Senser Mental: cognition Phenomenon 3 Loyalty understood his father‘s helplessness Loyalty understood his father‘s helplessness Senser Mental: cognition Phenomenon The sample of cognition type of mental process in number 1 as in the table above shows that do not think belongs to cognition type. Do not think is a process of thinking. The senser the one who thinks in the clause is I. But, the clause is not completed by phenomenon the one that is thought. In the sample of number 2, the cognition type is realized through the verb did not know. Did not know is a process of thinking. The senser in this clause is Uncle Ah K‟un the one who knows. This clause is completed by the phenomenon by words what to say. In the sample of number 3, the cognition type is realized through the verb understood, in the form of past. Loyalty is as the senser of this clause. The senser is a conscious human the one who understands of something. This clause is completed by the phenomenon, his father‟s helplessness.

C. Relational Process

Relational process is a process of being and having. It can be classified into two types: attributive process and identifying process. Attributive process is a process that assigns a Universitas Sumatera Utara 59 quality. The attributive process in Earth God Shrine is found in 2 clauses through the verbs was and had. The sample of attributive process is shown in the table below: Table 4.6 The Sample of Attributive Process No Attributive Process 1 The room was dark The room was dark Carrier Relational :attributive Attribute 2 Uncle Ah K‘un had some paddy fields Uncle Ah K‘un had some paddy fields Carrier Relational: attributive Attribute The sample of attributive process of number 1 as in the table above shows that was belongs to a process of being. The clause means that dark is an attribute a quality or epithet of the room. So the carrier of the clause is the room. The carrier in this clause is considered as the unconscious human. The sample of number 2 shows that had is a process of having. Some paddy fields is an attribute of Uncle Ah K‟un. In other words, Uncle Ah K‘un possesses some paddy fields. So, the relationship between the carrier Uncle Ah K‘un and attribute some paddy fields is one of the ownership. The second type of relational process is identifying process. Identifying is a process which establishes an identity. The identifying process in Earth God Shrine is found in 2 clauses through the verbs: was and is. The table below shows the sample of identifying process. Table 4.7 The Sample of Identifying Process. No Identifying process 1 2 It was you It was you Value Relational: identifying Token He is the eldest son in the family He is the eldest one in the family Token Relational: identifying Value Circ.loc: place Universitas Sumatera Utara 60 The sample of identifying process in number 1 as in the table above shows that was belongs to a process of being. The clause of sample in number 1 is in the active form. The meaning of the clause is that it is an identity or value status. So, the token the one who is being defined is you. The sample of number 2 shows that is belongs to identifying process. The meaning of the clause is that the eldest one is an identity or value. The token in this clause is he. The token in this clause is in the form of conscious man or human beings. This clause is completed by the circumstance of place that shows where the action is taking place by the token. Then, at the same time of the classification above, relational process can also be sub- classified into three types: intensive, possessive and circumstantial type. Intensive type means the one is the other. In Earth God Shrine, intensive type is found in 2 clauses through the verbs: were and was. The table below shows the sample of intensive type of relational process. Table 4.8 The Sample of Intensive Type of Relational Process No Intensive Type 1 They were mother earth They were mother earth Carrier Attributive: intensive Attribute 2 Your father was the village chief Your father was the village chief Carrier Attributive: intensive Attribute The sample of intensive type in number 1 shows that were belongs to intensive type of attributive process. The relation between the carrier they and the attribute mother earth is one of sameness. It means that mother earth is they. The sample of intensive type in number 2 shows that was belongs to intensive type of attributive process. The relation between the carrier your father and the attribute the village chief is one of sameness. It means that your father is the village chief. Universitas Sumatera Utara 61 The second type is possessive. Possessive means that one entity possesses another. In Earth God Shrine, possessive type is found in 2 clauses through the verbs: had and have. The table below shows the sample of possessive type in Earth God Shrine. Table 4.9 The Sample of Possessive Type of Relational Process. No Possessive Type 1 I had no choice I had no choice Carrier Attributive : possessive Attribute 2 Uncle Ah K‘un had some paddy fields Uncle Ah K‘un had some paddy fields Carrier Attributive : possessive Attribute 3 The girl had a wry mouth The girl had a wry mouth Carrier Attributive : possessive Attribute 4 He does not have much education He does not have much education Carrier Attributive : possessive Attribute The sample of number 1 of possessive type on the list above shows that had no belongs to possessive type of attributive process. The relation between the carrier I and the attribute choice is one of ownership. The sample of number 2 shows that had is a process of having. Some paddy fields is an attribute of Uncle Ah K‟un. In other words, Uncle Ah K‘un possesses some paddy fields. So, the relationship between the carrier Uncle Ah K‟un and attribute some paddy fields is one of the ownership. The sample of number 3 on the list above shows that had belongs to possessive type of attributive process. The relation between the carrier the girl and the attribute a wry mouth is one of the ownership. The sample of number 4 shows that does not have belongs to possessive type of attributive process. The relation between the carrier He and the attribute much education is one of the ownership. Universitas Sumatera Utara 62 The last type is circumstantial. Circumstantial type means the relation between the participants is one of circumstance. In Earth God Shrine, circumstantial type is found in 2 clauses through the verbs: is and was. The table below shows the sample of circumstantial type in Earth God Shrine. Table 4.10 The Sample of Circumstantial Type of Relational Process No Circumstantial Type 1 The total sum is twelve thousand dollars The total sum is twelve thousand dollars Carrier Relational: attributive Attribute 2 It was like the old days It was like the old days Carrier Relational: attributive Attribute The sample of circumstantial type in number 1 shows that is belongs to circumstantial type of attributive process. The relation between the carrier it and the attribute twelve thousand dollars is one of place. The sample of number 2 shows that was belongs to circumstantial type of attributive process. The relation between the carrier it and the attribute like the old days is one of time.

D. Behavioral Process

Behavioral process is a process of physiological or psychological behavior and the actions are done in conscious being. In Earth God Shrine, behavioral process is found in 2 clauses through the verbs: smile and watch. The table below shows that the sample of behavioral process. Table 4.11 The Sample of Behavioral Process No Behavioral Process 1 Uncle Ah k‘un smiled broadly Uncle Ah K‘un smiled broadly Behaver Behavioral process Circ: quality Universitas Sumatera Utara 63 2 He watched the millions of dancing green rice He watched the millions of dancing green rice Behaver Behavioral process Behavior The sample of behavioral process in number 1 as in the table above shows that smiled belongs to behavioral process. Smiled is a process of psychological behavior. The behaver of the process is Uncle Ah K‟un. This clause is completed by the circumstance of quality that informs the reader about the manner the behaver do the process, which is described by broadly. The sample of number 2 as in the table above shows that watched belongs to behavioral process. Watched is a process of physiological behavior. The behaver of the caluse is he. While, the behavior of this clause is the millions of dancing green rice. This caluse is not completed by the circumstance.

E. Verbal Process

Verbal process is a process of saying. The participant of the processes are: sayer participant who speaks, receiver the one to whom the verbalization is addressed, verbiage a name for the verbalization itself. In Earth God Shrine, verbal process is found in 5 clauses through the verbs: respond, call, say, ask, and greet. Table 4.12 The Sample of Verbal Process No Verbal Process 1 Prosperity did not respond him Prosperity did not respond him Sayer Verbal process Receiver 2 He called her name He called her name Sayer Verbal process Verbiage 3 They said his business was thriving They said his business was thriving Sayer Verbal process Verbiage 4 The old man asked the villagers The old man asked the villagers Universitas Sumatera Utara 64 Sayer Verbal process Receiver 5 Loyalty greeted him in a dull voice Loyalty greeted him in a dull voice Sayer Verbal process Receiver Circ: manner The sample of verbal process in number 1 shows that did not respond belongs to a process of saying. The sayer the participant who did not respond in the above clause is Prosperity. The sayer is a conscious being. Then, this clause is completed by the receiver the one to whom the process is addressed is him. The sample of number 2 in the table above shows that called belongs to verbal process. This clause is different from the sample of number 1, in which the clause in number 1 is using a receiver the one to whom the verbalization is addressed While, this clause is only completed by the verbiage a name for the verbalization itself that is her name. Then, the sayer of this clause is he a conscious being. The sample of number 3 like above shows that said belongs to a process of saying. The sayer the participant who says something in the above clause is they. Next, the verbiage of this clause is his business was thriving. The sample of number 4 shows that asked belongs to a process of asking. And it belongs to the verbal process. The villager is as the receiver one to whom the sayer ask something. The sayer of this clause is the old man participant who asks. The last one is sample of number 5 shows that greeted belongs to a process of greeting. And it belongs to the verbal process. This clause is completed by receiver, him, the one to whom the verbalization is addressed. Next, the sayer the one who greets in this clause is Loyalty.

F. Existential Process

Existential process is a process of existence. This process represents that something exists or happen. These clauses typically have the verb be, or some other verb expressing existence, such as exist, arise, followed by a nominal group functioning as existent a thing which exists in the process. The existent may be a phenomenon of any kind, and is often, in Universitas Sumatera Utara 65 fact, an event. In Earth God Shrine, existential process is found in 3 clauses through the verbs: is, would be, and are. The table shows the sample of existential process. Table 4.13 The Sample of Existential Process No Existential Process 1 There is an old saying There is an old saying Existential Existent 2 There would be few paddy fields by the bay There would be few paddy fields by the bay Existential Existent Circ.loc: place 3 There are eight males There are eight males Existential Existent The sample of existential process in number 1 shows that is belongs to existential process. The existent the phenomenon of the process is an old saying. The clause is not completed by circumstance. The sample of number 2 shows that would be belongs to existential process. The existent the phenomenon of the process of this clause is few paddy fields. This clause is completed by the circumstance of place by the bay which informs of where the phenomenon exists. The sample of number 3 shows that are belongs to existential process. The existent of the clause is eight males. Next, this clause is not completed by any circumstance.

4.1.2 Analysis of Transitivity Process in A Chip off the Old Block A. Material Process