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5. During the process of analysis, the researcher applied the trustworthiness
of the data and analyzed the data to gain the result of the research.
F. Data Trustworthiness
There are some strategies in achieving trustworthiness of the research which Creswell 2009:191 states as a validity strategy. The credibility,
dependability, transferability and conformability are the strategies which are done in order to gain the trustworthiness of the research. Credibility is concerned with
the accuracy of the data. Dependability refers to the stability and track ability of the changes of data. Transferability means that the research generalization in
fittingness of the data is related to each other. Conformability means that the result of this research represents the condition in the game and does not represent
the researcher’s mind. The credibility of this research was gained by performing careful and
detailed observation of the data. The credibility was also obtained through triangulation technique. The triangulation by peer discussion was also done in this
research, the researcher discussed the data with two reviewers in English language and study program who major in linguistics. They helped the researcher in
discussing and checking the data to ensure the accuracy. In addition, the researcher also consulted this research with supervisors. The judgments of the
research supervisors gave advantages to the accuracy of the research findings and the conformability or the interpretation of the data in the research. In order to
achieve the transferability or the fittingness of findings, the researcher provided
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clear information related to the study. The dependability was done by examining the data carefully to gain certainty and stability of the data.
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CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter consists of two sections. The first section is the findings which present all the result from the data about speech act found in the game,
especially about the types of speech acts and the way they are delivered. The second section is the discussion which present further explanation in detailed
analysis of findings.
A. Findings
1. Types of Speech Acts Based on Searle’s Classification
Action done through language is called as speech act. There are three related acts. The first is locutionary or the speaker meaningful utterance. It is what
the speaker says by producing a meaningful linguistics expression. The second is illocutionary or the force of an utterance. It is the intended action expressed by the
speaker. Last is perlocutionary, which is the effect from the utterance on the listener. Searle in Peccei 1999:51-53 categorizes speech acts into five categories.
They are representatives, directives, commissives, expressives, and declarations. Representatives are the act that represent eternal reality by making their words fit
the world as they believe it to be. Directives are the act which are used by speakers to direct listeners to perform some future acts which will make the world
fit the speaker’s words. Commissives are used when the speaker commits him or herself to perform future act which will make the world fit their words.
Expressives are the act that represent speakers ’ feeling by making their words
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represent their internal psychological world. Declarations are the act of uttering the words that change the world.
Based on the findings of the research there are some types of speech acts based on the Searle’s classification found in the data. The findings of these types
of speech acts based on Searle’s classification found in Bully video game are
presented in Table 2.
Table 2. Types of Speech Acts B
ased on Searle’s Classification Found in Bully Video Game
No. Types
Frequency Percentage
1.
Representatives
a. Reporting
b. Confirming
c. Arguing
d. Informing
e. Explaining
f. Stating
g. Lying
h. Convincing
i. Predicting
j. Describing
50
3 13
11 4
8 5
1 3
1 1
23.14
1.39 6.02
5.09 1.85
3.70 2.31
0.46 1.39
0.46 0.46
2. Directives
a. Questioning
b. Requesting
c. Warning
d. Commanding
e. Insisting
f. Inviting
g. Suggesting
h. Negotiating
103
59 8
2 18
1 6
8 1
47.68
27.31 3.70
0.93 8.33
0.46 2.78
3.70 0.46
3. Commissives
a. Agreeing
b. Promising
c. Threatening
13
11 1
1
6.01
5.09 0.46
0.46
4.
Expressives
a. Complaining
b. Insulting
c. Thanking
d. Boasting
e. Greeting
50
1 7
2 2
7
23.14
0.46 3.24
0.93 0.93
3.24
