Previous Studies Literature Review

23 She analyzed speech acts in “ Date Night ” movie. The research objectives were to find out the types of speech acts focusing on illocutionary act and also to analyze the conversational implicature. The results of the study showed that there were two important points. First, there were four kinds of illocutionary acts performed in Date Night based on Searle’s categorization. They were representatives, directives, commissives, and expressive. Second, there were two types of conversational implicatures found in the main character’s speech. They were generalized conversational implicature in which the main character’s intention was explicitly uttered and particularized conversational implicature in which the main character’s intention was implicitly uttered. Another pragmatic analysis of speech acts was conducted by Rayi Denok Sunestri 2012 in her thesis entitled “ A Pragmatic Analysis of Speech Acts of Hester Prynne in Roland Joffe’s The Scarlet Letter as Reflection of American Society in 17th Century ”. Her research had two objectives. The first was to find out the classification and functions of speech acts based on illocutionary act. The second was to identify the characteristic of American society in 17 th century based on the theory of context by Holmes. The results of the study showed that there were four types of speech acts used by Hester Prynne in the film. They were representatives, expressives, directives, and commissives. The declaration was not performed since Hester had no authority. The highest frequency was representatives, while commanding got the highest frequency as the sub types among others. Second, the characteristic of 24 American society in 17 th century was reflected by Hester’s speech acts in the society dominance of religion in society, since religion controls all things in the society including controlling how to communicate, how to dress, how to decide one’s punishment, how to control the mourning times, and how religion control women’s lives in society. Similar to previous research, the researcher also analyzes pragmatics in term of speech acts. This research tries to find out the types of speech acts based on Searle’s classification and the way they are delivered. The differences between this research and the previous research are in the object of the research and the objectives. These differences will lead to different discussion and findings.

B. Conceptual Framework

This research uses pragmatic approach since this research studies language in use and its context. The language used by people consists of utterances which contain action. Most of what people say have intended or desired goal. In other words, the language people use contains action that changes its participant or world. The researcher chooses Bully video game as the research object. Video game has a story line which consists of dialogues among the characters as the reflection of language in use. The researcher analyzes the utterances from the main character in the way he uses language to communicate and achieve his goal. This goal is delivered via an act known as speech acts. This research focuses on the types of speech acts based on Searle’s classification. Searle’s classification is 25 used to classify and analyze the data found in the conversation from the main character in the game. This research also finds out the types of speech acts based on the way they are delivered by using language. When the speaker clearly states their intention, the listener will easily understand the purpose. However, sometimes utterances mean differently from what the speaker is intended to say or the speaker indirectly say what he or she means. Thus, the listener needs to pay more attention on the utterances made by the speaker. This language phenomenon is called indirect speech act. The research employs Searle’s theory of indirect speech act. In analyzing indirect speech act, there are some felicity conditions which are violated and at the same time, there are true felicities that give the clue of the real illocutionary force. In order to analyze the discussed issue, an analytical construct is presented briefly in the chart as follows.