25
used to classify and analyze the data found in the conversation from the main character in the game.
This research also finds out the types of speech acts based on the way they are delivered by using language. When the speaker clearly states their intention,
the listener will easily understand the purpose. However, sometimes utterances mean differently from what the speaker is intended to say or the speaker indirectly
say what he or she means. Thus, the listener needs to pay more attention on the utterances made by the speaker. This language phenomenon is called indirect
speech act. The research employs Searle’s theory of indirect speech act. In
analyzing indirect speech act, there are some felicity conditions which are violated and at the same time, there are true felicities that give the clue of the real
illocutionary force. In order to analyze the discussed issue, an analytical construct is presented
briefly in the chart as follows.
26
Figure 1. Analytical Construct
Pragmatics
Speech Acts Context
Bully Video Game
Deixis Cooperative
Principles Politeness
Inference and Reference
A Pragmatic Analysis of Speech Acts in Bully Chapters I and II Video Game Felicity Conditions
Types of Speech Acts
Speech Acts Based on the Way They Are Delivered
Direct Speech Acts Searle’s Classification
Austin’s Classification
Indirect Speech Acts Locutionary Act
Illocutionary Act Perlocutionary Act
Representatives Commissives
Directives Expressives
Declarations
27
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
The objectives of this research were to identify the type of speech acts based on Searle’s classification and to identify the way they were delivered, as
reflected by the main character in Bully video game. In accordance with the objectives, an appropriate methodology is needed to achieve the goal of the
research.
A. Type of the Research
This research employed a descriptive qualitative research. According to Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009:310, qualitative research is making a narrative
or textual descriptions on the phenomena under study. In other words, qualitative research describes the phenomena found in the study without making a
modification or manipulating the data. In addition, Bogdan and Biklen in Sugiyono 20012:13 state that qualitative research occurs in natural setting and it
is descriptive. It produces descriptive data of people’s own written or spoken words and observable behavior.
The descriptive qualitative was employed in describing the data or in interpreting the findings. This research describes the phenomena of speech acts
which were found in the conversation from the main character in Bully video game. Quantitative method was also employed in this research to find out the
percentage to support analysis of the data. Therefore, this research belonged to quantitative-qualitative research.
28
B. Source, Form and Context of the Data
According to Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009:48, data is a collection of variables from a research sample. Qualitative research is descriptive, therefore the
data in qualitative research are in the form of words rather than number, Bogdan and Biklen in Sugiyono 2012:13.
The source of the data was the Bully video game ’s script. The source of
the data of this research were taken from the scenes which appeared in each mission through Chapters I and II of the game. Thus, in this research the data
were in the form of lingual unit, such as words, phrases, clauses, or sentences which contained speech acts. Meanwhile, the context of the data was dialogue
since the research ’s object was video game.
C. Instrument of the Research
This research employed a qualitative method. As Bogdan and Biklen state in Sugiyono 2012:13, qualitative research has the natural setting as the direct
source of data and researcher is the key instrument. Furthermore, Sugiyono, 2012:222 says that in qualitative the researcher is human instrument. The
instrument functions as the one who decides the focus of research, collects, analyzes, and interprets the data, and also makes conclusion of the finding. In
addition, Heigham and Croker 2009:11 state that in qualitative research, the researcher is the primary research instrument. Moreover, Creswell 2007:38
states that the qualitative researchers collect the data themselves through examining document, observing behavior, and interviewing participants. They
