Research Participants Research Instruments

B. Research Participants

In this research, the researcher elaborates on the subjects or participants using random sampling method. There were two groups of participants as in the following: 1. Fourth grade students of MI MA’ARIF Klangon The respondents of the observation were the fourth grade students of MI MA’ARIF Klangon , Kalibawang, Kulon Progo. The observation was aimed to know their characteristics, interests, motivation, and needs in learning English. 2. An English teacher The respondent of interview and questionnaires was an English teacher in MI MA’ARIF Klangon. The English teacher had four years teacher training in UIN, Yogyakarta. The researcher expects that the teacher gives the detailed information about the data of their students. The researcher expects to find to find the information about the actual data situation and learner’s need during the teaching learning process.

C. Research Instruments

In conducting the research, the researcher observed the fourth grade of MI MA’ARIF Klangon . To collect further information the researcher interviewed and distributed questionnaires to an English teacher of MI MA’ARIF Klangon. After doing the observation on the students of elementary school grade four, distributing questionnaires and interviewing some English teacher, the research expected to PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI know the students’ interest and lacks. The data obtained from the observation, questionnaires and interviews were used as a basis to design the reading materials. 1. Observation Sheets The researcher observed the teaching - learning activity in the classroom of MI MA’ARIF, Klangon , Kalibawang, Kulon Progo. The researcher used observation sheet that consisted of tables and points to be considered. The researcher also took note during the teaching learning activities to record the important things. The aims of class observation were to obtain the information about learners’ characteristics and the classroom situation. The class observation was non- participant class observation because the researcher was not involved in any activities in class. Therefore, the researcher could design the appropriate designed materials using children’s stories for the children. 2. Questionnaires The questionnaires used both close-ended question and open-ended question. For close-ended question, the respondents were given the questions about the learners’ characteristics and learners’ need and they could give their opinion. For open- ended questions, the respondents could answer the questions without restraint. After designing the materials, the researcher distributed questionnaires for the second time to two English teachers in MI MA’ARIF Klangon and SDN 3 Glodogan, Klaten Selatan and one person of English lecturers of Sanata Dharma University. To evaluate the data, the researcher uses central tendency formulation. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 3. Interview Interview is an instrument through questioning and answering that is held by interacting face-to-face between the interviewer and interviewee. There are two kinds of interview according to Ary, et.al. 2002: 434. They are “structured” and “unstructured interview”. In the first type, each respondent is asked the same set of questions. In the second type, the questions arise from the situation. The researcher used these two kinds of interviews to find information about learners’ characteristics and learners’ need, for example, the students still have poor vocabularies from English teacher in MI MA’ARIF Klangon, Kalibawang, Kulon Progo.

D. Data Gathering Technique