4.1.2 Fi’il Mudhori’
In Arabic, fi’l al-mudaari’ the presentfuture-tense verb can represent either the present or the future tenses verb.
For example: َﻱﺎَﺸﻟﺍ ُبُﺮﺷَﺃ
Does this mean “I am drinking tea” or “I will drink tea” If you can see the person, no problem you can tell if they’re drinking tea or not right now. As it turns out, you can
explicitly specify that the verb is present- or future-tense. Let’s go by example. َﻱﺎَﺸﻟﺍ ُبُﺮﺷَﺃ
If we want to make it present-tense, we say:
َﻱﺎَﺸﻟﺍ ُبُﺮﺷَﺃ َﻥﻻﺍ
The addition of al-aana َﻥﻻﺍ means “now”; so you can translate this sentence as: “I am
drinking tea right now.” Which makes it present-tense, Notice you could not say “I will drink tea right now” it doesn’t make sense, So al-aana removes the ambiguity and makes
it present-tense. What about future tense, There are two ways you can achieve this:
1. By the addition of the letter sa:
َﻱﺎَﺸﻟﺍ ُبُﺮﺷَﺃ َﺱ
The addition of seen makes it future tense; so you can translate as “I will drink tea.”
2. By the addition of the word sawfa:
ُﺮﺷَﺃ َﻱﺎَﺸﻟﺍ ُب َﻑﻮَﺳ
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The addition of sawfa makes it future tense; so you can translate as “I will drink tea.”
Both are equivalent, seen and sawfa, there’s no difference in the meaning. Also, unlike al- aana, you do not explicitly translate the seen or sawfa into a word. Mudaari’ verbs can be
present-tense or future tense; you can explicitly specify it as present-tense by adding al- aana or future-tense by adding sen or sawfa.
Bellow are the comparison English Present tense
Arabic present tense
I write a letter aktubu arrisalata
I do not write a letter la aktubu arrisalata
Do I write a letter? Hal aktubu arrisalata?
I am writing letter al an aktubu arrisalata
If the subject is “ he, she, it, singular or proper noun does not is used after subject in sentence. If the subject is “ I , we, they you “ do not is used after subject. While in Arabic
language la used for all subject, then la put in the first sentence before subject. When in interrogative sentence we used hal. When we talk about present continuous tense if the
subject is “I “ the auxiliary verb “am” is used after subject in sentence, but if the subject is “ he, she it, singular or proper noun the auxiliary verb “is” used after subject, while if
the subject is “you, they we ” we used “are” While in Arabic language we just add al-an . for examples:
English Arabic
I am going to school al an azhabu ila madrosati
We are reading a book al an nakrou alkitaba
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4.1.3 Past Tense