CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Analysis
Contrastive analysis stems from the concept of linguistic contrastive, Which is a branch of applied linguistics originating. Pioneer figures of linguistic analysis contrastive
is Robert Ladowith Across Linguistic Culture. Contrastive analysis compare the two languages or more languages for to look for similarities and differences of the language,
both at the level of phonology , morphological ,specific grammatical performed on period or contemporary .
According to Lado 1975 , contrastive analysis is a way to describe a learning difficulty or ease in learning a second language and foreign language . Analysis is not
only to compare the elements of language and linguistic systems in the first language and second language , but also to compare and describe the cultural background of both
languages and the results can be utilized in the teaching of a second language or foreign languages
Thus , Contrastive analysis is a study that attempts to compare the structure or the first language elements with a second language to identify similarities or differences between
the two languages. In an activity discovery of a new object or thing, of course followed with the purpose and benefits that will occur when the discovery of new things or things
that are. Then there are three basic assumptions that aim discovery of contrastive analysis, as follows:
a. Provide insights about the similarities and differences between first language
and second language will be learned. b.
Explain and predict the problems that arise in studying target language c.
Develop material a second language lessons for teaching language . In analyzing the language compare, it actually implies the basic matter about language
description and formulation of the language theories. It means that the language compared should be described in the same theory .
provide insight into the concepts of linguistic theory and the work of contractive linguistics in dealing with language description. There are four major theories of
linguistics namely :
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1. Descriptive Linguistic traditional grammar
2. Descriptive structure linguistic
3. Generative transformation Grammar
4. Functional Grammar
From the theory above, functional grammar is suitable to be used to analyze the two language compared, because it concerns with the description understanding linguistic
processes and structure. Functional grammar and functional discourse grammar are grammar models and
theories motivated by functional theories of grammar. These theories explain how linguistic utterances are shaped, based on the goals and knowledge of natural language
users. In doing so. Functional discourse grammar has been developed as a successor to functional grammar, attempting to be more psychologically and pragmatically adequate
than functional grammar. There are some reason why the writer is interested in discussing about this topic. first,
to facilitate students to understand the language lessons, to facilitate the Arabic language learners understand the English language, to facilitate the teacher teach English in Arabic
language learners.
1.2 Problem of the Analysis