CHAPTER IV DESCRIPTIONS AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Prefixes in English
Basically, the English has more many prefixes than Batak Toba prefixes. However in this thesis, the writer analyze some of The English prefixes only
which is usually used in daily conversation as mention bellow: a-, be-, dis-, en-, hyper-, out-, over-, mis-, re-, un-, and under-.
1. Prefix a- ə
Distribution Prefix a- can be attached to:
a. Noun, such as board, shore, and top. Example:
a- + board → aboard ə’bo:d
a- + shore →
ashore ə’
∫
o: r
a- + top →
atop ə’tpp
b. Verb, such as rise, wake, sleep. Example:
a- + rise → arise ə’ra
I
z a- + wake
→ awake ə’we
I
k a- + sleep
→ asleep ə’sli:p c. Adjective, such as, flame, long, moral.
Example: a- + flame
→ aflame əfle
Ι
m
Universitas Sumatera Utara
a- + long → along ə’lpβ
a- + moral → amoral ,ə
I
’mpr əl
Form
Prefix a- does not change the form of the word. Example:
a- + wake → awake ə’we
I
k a- + board
→ aboard ə’bo:d
Function
Prefix a- has the function: a. To change the noun into verb.
a- + Noun → Verb
Example: a- + bed
→ abed ə’bet a- + ward
→ award ə’wo:d b. To change the noun into adjective.
Example:
a- + Noun → Adjective
a- + board n → aboard adj. ə’bo:d
a- + blaze n → ablaze adj. ə’ble
I
z
Meaning
The meaning implied by the prefix a- is: a. in, at, or, on
Example: a- + shore
→ ashore in ə’
∫
o: r
Universitas Sumatera Utara
a- + light → alight at ə’la
I
t a- + board
→ aboard on ə’bo:d in the state of, in the process of
Example: a- + wash
→ awash in the process
ə’wp
∫
a- + sleep → asleep ə’sli:p
2. Prefix be- b
Ι
-
Distribution
Prefix be- can be attached to: a. Noun, such as, witch, lie, quest.
Example: be- + witch
→ bewitch b
Ι
’w
I
t
∫
be- + lie → belie
b
Ι
’
la
I
be- + quest → bequest
b
Ι
’
kwest
b. Verb, such as, wail, stir, come. Example:
be- + wail → bewail
b
Ι
’
we
I
l
be- + stir → bestir
b
Ι
’st
3
:r be- + come
→ become b
Ι
’
k
Λ
m
Form
Prefix be- does not change the form of the word. Example:
be- + low → below
b
Ι
’l
əυ
Universitas Sumatera Utara
be- + lie → belie
b
Ι’
la
I
be- + quest → bequest
b
Ι
’
kwest Function
Prefix be- has the function of: a. To change verb intransitive into verb transitive.
Be- + Verb intransitive → Verb Transitive
Example: be- + come
→ become b
Ι
’
k
Λ
m be- + moan
→ bemoan b
Ι
’
m əυn
be- + wail → bewail
b
Ι
’
we
I
l
b. To change noun into verb.
Be- + Noun → Verb
Example: be- + siege
→ besiege b
Ι
’
si:d be- + lie
→ belie b
Ι
’
la
I
be- + quest → bequest
b
Ι
’
kwest
Meaning
The meaning implied by prefix be- is: become or make. Example:
be- + quest →
bequest make b
Ι
’
kwest
3. Prefix dis- d