4.2 Prefix in Batak Toba Language.
In Batak Toba, there are seven prefixes, they are, ma-, mar-, pa-, di-, tar-, ha-, um-. In this chapter, the writer just takes prefixes generally in Batak Toba
language as the main data of analysis.
1. Prefix ma- m
Λ
-
Prefix ma- in Batak Toba language can be said rather same like prefix me- in Indonesian.
Distribution
Prefix ma- can be attached to: a.
Verb, such as, angkat, ombak, boan, jalo, seat, tiop, tiop, pulos, bahen. Example:
ma- + angkat mangangkat m
Λ
β
Λ
βk
Λ
t ‘take something’ ma- + ombak
mangombak m
Λ
βőmb
Λ
k ‘hoe the land’ ma- + boan
mamboan m
Λ
mb ő
Λ
n ‘bring’ ma- + jalo
manjalo m
Λ
nd
Λ
lo ‘receive’ ma- + seat
maneat m
Λ
n έ
Λ
t ‘cut’ ma- + tiop
maniop m
Λ
niop ‘hold on’ ma- + pulos
mamulos m
Λ
mulos ‘span’ ma- + bahen
mambahen m
Λ
mb
Λ
hen ‘make’ b. Noun, such as, itak, hujur, tombak.
Example: ma- + itak
mangitak m
Λ
βit
Λ
k ‘make a rice cake’ ma- + hujur
manghujur m
Λ
βhud ur ‘spear’ ma- + tombak
manombak m
Λ
nomb
Λ
k ‘lance’
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c. Adjective, such as, pitung, robur, hiang, hatop. Example:
ma- + pitung mapitung m
Λ
pitu β ‘be blind’
ma- + robur marobur m
Λ
robur ‘be spread’ ma- + hiang
mahiang m
Λ
hi
Λ
β ‘be dry’ ma- + hatop
manghatop m
Λ
βh
Λ
top ‘be fast’
Function
Prefix ma- has functions: To change Noun into Verb
Ma- + Noun Verb
Example: ma- + itak
mangitak m
Λ
βit
Λ
k ‘make a rice cake’ ma- + hujur
manghujur m
Λ
βhud ur ‘spear’ ma- + tombak
manombak m
Λ
nomb
Λ
k ‘lance’ To change Adjective into Verb
Ma- + Adjective Verb
Example: ma- + robur
marobur m
Λ
robur ‘be spread’ ma- + hatop
manghatop m
Λ
βh
Λ
top ‘be fast’
Form
Prefix ma- has two forms, a. Can change the base form
Example: ma- + angkat
mangangkat m
Λ
η
Λ
η
k
Λ
t ‘take something’
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ma- + ombak mangombak m
Λ
ηő
mb
Λ
k ‘hoe the land’ ma- + boan
mamboan m
Λ
mb
ő
Λ
n ‘bring’ ma- + jalo
manjalo m
Λ
nd
Λ
lo ‘receive’ ma- + seat
maneat m
Λ
n
έ
Λ
t ‘cut’ ma- + tiop
maniop m
Λ
niop ‘hold on’ ma- + pulos
mamulos m
Λ
mulos ‘span’ b. Can’t change the base form
Example: ma- + robur
marobur m
Λ
robur ‘be spread’ ma- + hiang
mahiang m
Λ
hi
Λ
η
‘be dry’ ma- + pitung
mapitung m
Λ
pitu
η
‘be blind’
Meaning
Prefix ma- has meaning: To makebecome.
Example: ma- + hiang
mahiang m
Λ
hi
Λ
β ‘become dry’ ma- + hatop
manghatop m
Λ
βh
Λ
top ‘become fast’ Use.
Example: ma- + hujur
manghujur m
Λ
η
hud ur ‘use spear’ ma- + tombak
manombak m
Λ
nomb
Λ
k ‘use lance’ Act something to.
Example:
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ma- + boan mamboan m
Λ
mb ő
Λ
n ‘bring something’ ma- + jalo
manjalo m
Λ
nd
Λ
lo ‘receive something’ ma- + seat
maneat m
Λ
n έ
Λ
t ‘cut something’ ma- + tiop
maniop m
Λ
niop ‘hold on something’
2. Prefix mar- m