Prefix ma- m Prefix in Batak Toba Language.

4.2 Prefix in Batak Toba Language.

In Batak Toba, there are seven prefixes, they are, ma-, mar-, pa-, di-, tar-, ha-, um-. In this chapter, the writer just takes prefixes generally in Batak Toba language as the main data of analysis.

1. Prefix ma- m

Λ - Prefix ma- in Batak Toba language can be said rather same like prefix me- in Indonesian. Distribution Prefix ma- can be attached to: a. Verb, such as, angkat, ombak, boan, jalo, seat, tiop, tiop, pulos, bahen. Example: ma- + angkat  mangangkat m Λ β Λ βk Λ t ‘take something’ ma- + ombak  mangombak m Λ βőmb Λ k ‘hoe the land’ ma- + boan  mamboan m Λ mb ő Λ n ‘bring’ ma- + jalo  manjalo m Λ nd Λ lo ‘receive’ ma- + seat  maneat m Λ n έ Λ t ‘cut’ ma- + tiop  maniop m Λ niop ‘hold on’ ma- + pulos  mamulos m Λ mulos ‘span’ ma- + bahen  mambahen m Λ mb Λ hen ‘make’ b. Noun, such as, itak, hujur, tombak. Example: ma- + itak  mangitak m Λ βit Λ k ‘make a rice cake’ ma- + hujur  manghujur m Λ βhud ur ‘spear’ ma- + tombak  manombak m Λ nomb Λ k ‘lance’ Universitas Sumatera Utara c. Adjective, such as, pitung, robur, hiang, hatop. Example: ma- + pitung  mapitung m Λ pitu β ‘be blind’ ma- + robur  marobur m Λ robur ‘be spread’ ma- + hiang  mahiang m Λ hi Λ β ‘be dry’ ma- + hatop  manghatop m Λ βh Λ top ‘be fast’ Function Prefix ma- has functions:  To change Noun into Verb Ma- + Noun  Verb Example: ma- + itak  mangitak m Λ βit Λ k ‘make a rice cake’ ma- + hujur  manghujur m Λ βhud ur ‘spear’ ma- + tombak  manombak m Λ nomb Λ k ‘lance’  To change Adjective into Verb Ma- + Adjective  Verb Example: ma- + robur  marobur m Λ robur ‘be spread’ ma- + hatop  manghatop m Λ βh Λ top ‘be fast’ Form Prefix ma- has two forms, a. Can change the base form Example: ma- + angkat  mangangkat m Λ η Λ η k Λ t ‘take something’ Universitas Sumatera Utara ma- + ombak  mangombak m Λ ηő mb Λ k ‘hoe the land’ ma- + boan  mamboan m Λ mb ő Λ n ‘bring’ ma- + jalo  manjalo m Λ nd Λ lo ‘receive’ ma- + seat  maneat m Λ n έ Λ t ‘cut’ ma- + tiop  maniop m Λ niop ‘hold on’ ma- + pulos  mamulos m Λ mulos ‘span’ b. Can’t change the base form Example: ma- + robur  marobur m Λ robur ‘be spread’ ma- + hiang  mahiang m Λ hi Λ η ‘be dry’ ma- + pitung  mapitung m Λ pitu η ‘be blind’ Meaning Prefix ma- has meaning:  To makebecome. Example: ma- + hiang  mahiang m Λ hi Λ β ‘become dry’ ma- + hatop  manghatop m Λ βh Λ top ‘become fast’  Use. Example: ma- + hujur  manghujur m Λ η hud ur ‘use spear’ ma- + tombak  manombak m Λ nomb Λ k ‘use lance’  Act something to. Example: Universitas Sumatera Utara ma- + boan  mamboan m Λ mb ő Λ n ‘bring something’ ma- + jalo  manjalo m Λ nd Λ lo ‘receive something’ ma- + seat  maneat m Λ n έ Λ t ‘cut something’ ma- + tiop  maniop m Λ niop ‘hold on something’

2. Prefix mar- m