Prefix ha- h Prefix um- um-

tar- + alo  taralo t Λ r Λ lo ‘can be against’ tar- + tea  tartea t Λ rt є Λ ‘ can be removed’  Unwillinglyunexpected Example: tar- + dungo  tardungo t Λ rdu βo ‘unwillingly wake up’ tar- + songgot  tarsonggot t Λ rso βgot ‘unwillingly surprise’ tar- + ambat  tarambat t Λ r Λ mb Λ t ‘unwillingly hindered’ tar- + boan  tarboan t Λ rbo Λ n ‘unwillingly brought’ tar- + halomong  tarhalomong t Λ rh Λ lomo β ‘amazed’

6. Prefix ha- h

Λ - Distribution Prefix ha- can be attached to: a. Adjective, such as, robur, biar, gogo. Example: ha- + robur  harobur h Λ robur ‘be spread’ ha- + biar  habiar h Λ bi Λ r ‘be afraid’ ha- + gogo  hagogo h Λ gogo ‘be strong’ b. Adverb, such as, ruar, duru, julu, jae, purba, anggoni. Example: ha- + ruar  haruar h Λ ru Λ r ‘out’ ha- + duru  haduru h Λ duru ‘out’ Universitas Sumatera Utara ha- + julu  hajulu h Λ d ulu ‘hilt’ ha- + jae  hajae h Λ d Λ є ‘downstream’ ha- + purba  hapurbah Λ purb Λ ‘east’ ha- + anggoni  haanggoni h Λ’Λ βgoni ‘southeast’ c. Verb, such as, ula, lanja, dundung. Example: ha- + ula  haula h Λ ul Λ ‘do’ ha- + lanja  halanja h Λ l Λ nd Λ ‘lifted’ ha- + dundung  hadundung h Λ dundu β ‘reached’ Function Prefix ha- can change the word class.  Adjective into Verb Ha- + Adjective  Verb Example: ha- + robur  harobur h Λ robur ‘ be spread’ ha- + biar  habiar h Λ bi Λ r ‘be afraid’ Form Prefix ha- can not change the base form. Example: ha- + duru  haduru h Λ duru ‘out’ ha- + julu  hajulu h Λ d3ulu ‘hilt’ ha- + jae  hajae h Λ d3 Λ є ‘downstream’ ha- + anggoni  haanggoni h Λ’Λ βgoni ‘southeast’ Universitas Sumatera Utara Meaning Prefix ha- has meaning:  Able Example: ha- + ula  haula h Λ ula ‘can be done’ ha- + lanja  halanja h Λ l Λ nd Λ ‘can be lifted’ ha- + dundung  hadundung h Λ dundu β ‘can be reached’  Show a direction or place. Example: ha- + julu  hajulu h Λ d ulu ‘to hilt’ ha- + duru  haduru h Λ duru ‘to out’ ha- + anggoni  haanggoni h Λ’Λ βgoni ‘to southeast’

7. Prefix um- um-

Distribution Prefix um- can be attached to: a. Adjective, such as, uli, balga, mora, roa. Example: um- + uli  umuli umuli ‘beautiful’ um- + balga  umbalga umb Λ lg Λ ‘big’ um- + mora  ummora um’mor Λ ‘rich’ um- + roa  umroa umro Λ ‘ugly’ b. Verb, such as, bege, bagi, bahen. Universitas Sumatera Utara Example: um- + bege  umbege umbєgє ‘listen’ um- + bagi  umbagi umb Λ gi ‘divide’ um- + bahen  umbahen umb Λ h єn ‘make’ Function Prefix um- can not change the word class. Um- + Adjective  Adjective Um- + Verb  Verb Example: um- + pistar  umpistar umpist Λ r ‘clever’ um- + taba  umtaba umt Λ b Λ ‘cut’ um- + antuk  umantuk um Λ ntuk ‘knock’ Form Prefix um- can not change the base form. Example: um- + bolak  umbolak umbol Λ k ‘wide’ um- + asom  umasom um Λ som ‘acid’ um- + olat  umolat umol Λ t um- + timbo  umtimbo umtimbo ‘high’ Meaning Prefix um- has meaning.  As a comparative degree. Example: Universitas Sumatera Utara um- + pistar  umpistar umpist Λ r ‘cleverer’ um- + uli  umuli umuli ‘more beautiful’ um- + balga  umbalga umb Λ lg Λ ‘bigger’ um- + mora  ummora um’mor Λ ‘richer’  Doing a base form. Example: um- + bolak  umbolak umbol Λ k ‘expanded’ um- + taba  umtaba umt Λ b Λ ‘cutting’ um- + antuk  umantuk um Λ ntuk ‘knock’ um- + bege  umbege umbєgє ‘listen’ um- + bahen  umbahen umb Λ h єn ‘make’ EXCEPTION. In prefix um-, sometimes Batak Toba people tend to use this form as an infix, for example: um- + timbo  umtimbo tumimbo ‘higher’ um- + taba  umtaba tumaba ‘knock’ But in this case, the meaning of words after attaching –um- um- is not changing. Universitas Sumatera Utara

4.3 Analysis