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c. Teaching Writing
There are two approaches in teaching writing Harmer, 2001. The first approach is focusing on the product of writing process and the second approach is
focusing on the writing process itself. However, teacher should pay attention to the various stages of writing process.
Writers need some processes to produce a written product. The experienced writers also plan what they are going to write. Harmer 2004 says
that before starting to write or type, they try and decide what they are going to say. Some experts also discuss the process of writing. Rumisek and Zemach
2005 say that writing process goes through several steps to produce a written product. Moreover, Nation 2009 also has the similar view about writing process.
Nation explains that one way of focusing on different aspects of writing is to look at writing as a process. It means that writing process incorporates some stages
structurally. Harmer 2007 states that the stages on writing are planning, drafting, revising, and final drafting as can be seen in Figure 2.1.
Figure 2.1: Stage on Writing by Harmer 2007
17 Based on
the Harmer‟s explanation, the researcher can conclude that writers revisit a certain stage from the stage of planning until the last stage which
is final version. In the classroom activity, when the students want to write something, the first stage that they should do is the planning stage. In the planning
stage, students can use mind mapping to produce or obtain the new ideas. In the drafting stage, students choose the optimal ideas to be included in the piece of
writing. Editing means that students should put everything together in a coherent and cogent manner, whereas for the revising stage, students are asked to check
their written work again. The students can produce the good final version after they have already done all of the stages.
3. Ability in Organizing Ideas
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