Transitivity Analysis The Grammatical Features

about power. As the authoritarianism and capitalism is interlinked, therefore the writer would like to use the term, authoritarian capitalism. But then, since it is protest song lyric, the notion is to protest the authoritarian capitalism. Thus, it is more appropriate to use term –anti to be –anti-authoritarian capitalism. Back to table 4.1, the third and the fourth excerpts also carry the action of doing. The third excerpt has two participants shown by pronoun, they Actor and us Goal. It also has an action of brainwash has meaning of “making someone believe something by repeatedly telling them that it is true and preventing any other information from reaching them” CALD3 and the Circumstance, to be their patriotic slaves. To determine whom the participants referred to is to analyze the action performed by the Actor to the Goal. The powerful Actor possibly performs the action of brainwash. It is because to influence the thought of the Goal, the Actor should have authority and position. The bigger the authority owned by and the higher the position of the Actor determine the success of doing brainwash. Furthermore, the Circumstance helps to clarify the finding. The patriotic slaves needs to fragment into patriotic and slaves. The word, patriotic shows feeling of love for country and proud of it CALD3 while slaves are someone works for someone else because the slaves bought and legally owned by people who buy them. Therefore, the patriotic slaves refer to a group of people who become the servant of the country. It refers to the citizen of a country. Explicitly, the Goal, us, refer to citizens and the Actor, they refer to the government. It is because thegovernment the leader of nation has power over the citizens and has power to make the citizen as the patriotic slaves. The fourth excerpt has two components built it. First, the participants are pronouns, they Actor, me Goal and for them Client and Second, the action is call onto die. Analyzing the action helps to reveal reference of the participants. The action of call on to die can merely performed by the powerful Actor. The Actor is a group of people who has bigger authority and higher position over the Goal. The reason of dying, to die, has several reasons supported it. One of the possible reasons could be the a strong feeling of love. The action of dying for a country is the significant example to describe the condition. Based on the analysis, the Actor refers to government and the Goal refers to the citizens. One more participant namely Client is the person who receives services. Therefore, the government calls on the citizens to die for the government. In this case, government is the beneficial group and citizens are the loss group. Yet, the excerpts show the power imbalance. The powerful group, government use their power and position to control the citizens. This condition also signals the authoritarian character. The actions of brainwashed to be their patriotic slaves and call on to die for them have obviously presented the authoritarian government. The government uses the feeling of love and proud of a country or nation as their tool to have the citizens submissiveness for any command. The feeling of love and proud of a country is about nationalism. The analysis of the third and fourth excerpt shows that the conveyed ideologies are authoritarianism and nationalism. The relation of both ideologies is the use of PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI authority in the scope of nation. The ideologies are elaborated in a term, authoritarian nationalism. However, because the song lyrics are about protest, therefore, the term should contains the rejection of the present ideologies. It is more appropriate to term the ideology into anti-authoritarian nationalism. Looking back at the table 4.1, there are two last excerpts needs to be analyzed. They are the fifth and sixth excerpt. The fifth and sixth excerpt merely has a single participant, we Actor, and the competition: greed, envy and hate Actor. The actions performed by the Actors in the two excerpts are fighting and has to stop. There is also Circumstance, for the rights of freedom in the fifth excerpt. It shows the circumstance of cause which emphasizes on purpose. Since, the Actors are the pronouns, the analysis of the actions and circumstances support to show the reference. The action of fighting refers to “to use physical force to try to defeat another person or group of people” CALD3 and the Circumstance, for the rights of freedom indicates the purpose of fighting. It shows that fighting is the resistance towards the power-controlled. The control of a group has limited the rights of freedom of another group. If the first group is the powerful group, thus, the second group is the powerless group. Therefore, the Actor refers to the powerful people that could be government, the rich or the corporations. This group of people has significant tendencies to limit or even break the rights of freedom. Moreover, the Goal refers to society: the powerless group who fight for having their rights back. On the contrary, the action of has to stop refers to the three meanings; to finish, to prevent and to block CALD3. They carry the same idea which is about PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI limit or decrease the power of another group. The reason of doing so is certainly due to the activity or situation occur in a period has disturbed or annoyed the comfort of a group. The action could be performed by the powerless group. It is to end the powerful group dominance during a certain period. From the analysis, it can be said that the Actor, the competition; greed, envy, hate refer to a situation creates by the powerful group. The greed refers to a very strong wish to continuously get more of something, especially money or food CALD3, the envy refers to a wish to have something that another person has CALD3 and the hate refers to “an extremely strong dislike” CALD3. The two excerpts has been analyzed show the power imbalance as well. However, the power presented here is not about the power of powerful group but the powerless group. It is about the resistance of society towards the government and other powerful people. The two actions, fighting for the rights of freedom and has to stop show the society movement of the present condition. The aim is to strive against the chaotic situation for a peaceful situation. Hence, the ideology could be disclosed from the two excerpts are the social movement. The ideology is seemingly the real actions of the doing of protest. The protestors are not merely sounding protest but they also call society to join for the movement. Besides material processes, the transitivity analysis shows that relational processes are frequently emerged in the song lyrics. The relational processes represent processes of relation which obligatorily require two participants. The first relational process is identifying process. It clarifies the relation between two PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI participants namely token and value. The second processes are attributive processes which define relation between Carrier and Attribute. In supporting the ideology, both processes clarify the identity and the character of the social actors. By considering the numbers and the frequency of the type of relational processes see appendix 1, the most prominent processes exist is the attributive process. It means the way to deliver the ideology through the relational process is by presenting the capitalist’s characters. The practice of how the relational processes support the ideologies is displayed in the following excerpts. Table 4.2 The Excerpts of Relational Processes No. Types of Processes Clauses 1. Identifying Process They Token stand for Process greed Value S5.C10a 2. You Token dont have to be Process a racist Value S6.C7a 3. Looking to stop a rogue regime? well the first ones that we must confront Value is ProcessWASHINGTON, DC Token S14.C4 4. Attributive Process They Carrier are Process corrupt Attribute. S14.C7c 5. This whole system Carrier is Process a lie Attribute S10.C3 6. Its time Circumstance, we Carrier should have Process revolution Attribute S10.C12 The way relational process reveals the ideology is by identifying and attributing. The identifying process reveals what the social actor is identified as and the attributive process reveals what the social actor is characterized as. In excerpt 1, 2 and 3, the relation of Token and Value is identifying. It means Value is the identity of the Token. In the first excerpt, the identifying PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI process is shown by the verb phrase; stand for which mean represent CALD3. The identity of they signaled by the particular noun, greed. The greed is identical to the powerful party who very strong to continuously get more of the profit for themselves. The excerpt is an identifying process as it can be reversed as the greed is them. It changes the functional grammar of subject, they into object, them. As it can be seen in excerpt 2, the use of verb phrase, don’t have to be indicates the negative meaning of being a racist. The Value, racist is an identity addressed to the Token, you. In other word, you are identified as the racist. The identity is given to the person because of being too much proud of the own race and underestimate other races. Consequently, the feeling causes a race to treat another race unfairly. In excerpt 3, the Value is expressed in noun group, the first ones that we must confront. It identifies the entity of the Carrier, Washington, DC Since the Token and Value can be reversed thus the clause is about identifying process. To make it in a good order, the clause may be The Washington D.C Token is Process the ones that we must confrontValue. The city counted needs to be confronted because it is the capital city of the country where all the policies for the State are made and run. From the three excerpts, there are three identities found. The first identity is derived from Value, greed. It identifies the Token, they. Since the greed denotes people who continuously get more of money, thus, they refer to capitalist. It is because the capitalist has motive of profit-making. The group is tendentious to PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI justify any effort even if it is deviate from the regulations and inflict a financial loss to other group. Thus, the first identity is the capitalist. The second identity is the racist. The Value identifies the Token, you. Since, you are to the people being racist, thus, you refer to citizens and the leader of nation. The third identity is derived from the Value, the one that we must confront. It has been clear that the Value identifies Token, Washington, D.C. The confrontation aims “to tell someone what they to tell someone what they do not want to hear, often because it is something bad that they have done or because it needs an explanation” CALD3. Thus, the third identity is a confrontational city. The ideologies conveyed from the three excerpts are different. The first excerpt carries the ideology of anti-authoritarian capitalism. It means the greed of the capitalist is properly resisted. The second excerpt carries the ideology of anti- authoritarian nationalism. It means the attitude of being racist should not exist. The third excerpt carries the ideology of social movement. It means there should be a confrontation against the power imbalance which causes the inequality. Excerpts 4, 5 and 6 in table 4.3 are attributive which means Attribute is the attachment of the Carrier. In other words, the Attribute presents the character of the Carrier. In excerpt 4, the relation of Carrier and Attribute is shown by to be, are. It is to show description: used to say something about a person, thing or state CALD3. The Attribute, corrupt is the character of the Carrier, they. It is attributive process as it does not allow the participants to be reversed. The excerpt 2 cannot be turned into corrupt is them. In excerpt 5, the attachment of Attribute, lie, to the whole system indicates that the Attribute is exclusively related to Carrier PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI itself; its character. In excerpt 6, the Attribute denotes the possession. The revolution belongs to we. The relation of the Carrier and the Attribute shows that revolution is a part of we. It is also attributive because the clause cannot be reversed. It cannot be revolution have we. The circumstance, it’s time refers to the present time. It clarifies about the precise time to do the revolution is now. There are three characters presented in the excerpts. The first excerpt has corrupt Attribute as the character of they Carrier. The Attribute means “dishonestly using your position or power to your own advantage, especially for money” CALD3.Since it emphasizes on position and power usage to obtain money for own advantage, they could be referred to government, the rich and the corporation. They denote the character of capitalists. The second excerpt has lie Attribute as the character of this whole system Carrier. The Attribute means “to say or write something which is not true in order to deceive someone” CALD3. The whole system could be referred to government regulations, beliefs or administration. The system considerably lie indicates the society’s disbelief towards the government’s system. The third excerpt has having revolution Attribute shows the possession of we Carrier. The Attribute means “a change in the way a country is governed, usually to a different political system...”. The definition indirectly explains the reference of we is society. It states that, society should own the revolution. Based on the analysis, the ideologies conveyed in the two excerpts are the social movement. The characters presented in the first and second excerpt, the corrupt and lie, are considered as two of the reasons of doing social movement. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI The character presented in the third excerpt, having revolution is the aim of doing the social movement. The third process analyzed using transitivity is the mental processes. The processes consist of some types such as perceptive, cognitive, affective, and desiderative. The perceptive processes connected with five senses: it is about noticing and understanding things that many people do not notice, the cognitive processes connected with thinking or consciousness, the affective processes connected with feeling: emotions or reactions, and desiderative processes connected with expectation or wishes. The table below presented the excerpts of mental process. The analysis of the excerpts is to show the way an ideology is revealed. Table 4.3 The Excerpts of Mental Processes No. Processes Participants Senser Phenomenon 1. Have seen We A greedy gang of liars 2. Don’t know We The source of his sickness 3. Hate We Society 4. Need We A fucking revolution The mental process shown in first excerpt is perceptive process as it is shown by verb have seen. The Senser, we, is the person who in fact perceives the Phenomenon directly. The Phenomenon is a greedy gang of liars. It means that the Senser recognized who the greedy gang of liars is. The process expressed in the present perfect tense indicates that the Senser has experience about the Phenomenon in the past. In second excerpt, the verb process, know is the cognition. It contains negative meaning expressed in do not. It means the Senser, we, does not acquiring knowledge about the Phenomenon. The point is the Senser refuses to admit that they have knowledge or information about the source of his sickness. The word, the source refers to the subject test material such as radiation and others chemical substances while his sickness refers to the effect of the substances on human body. Specifically, possessive pronoun, his refers to troops sent into the war. In other word, the Senser is irresponsible. Third excerpt is an affective process. The verb, hate expresses the process. The Senser, we have a feeling of dislike towards the Phenomenon, Society. Fourth Excerpt is a desiderative process. It is signaled by the verb, need. It shows “the state of having to have something that you must have so that you can have a satisfactory life” cALD3. The Senser, we states that the Phenomenon, a fucking revolution is must. The word, fucking is “used to emphasize a statement, especially an angry one” CALD3. All the excerpts have pronoun we as the Sensers. The Senser in each excerpt has different reference. In first and fourth excerpt, we refer to Anti-Flag. It is because in the cause of perceiving the greedy gang of liars, only Anti-Flag recognize their existence. It also states that society do not recognize it. The greedy gangs of liars denote the capitalists. It shows the capitalist’s characteristics, greedy and lie. In second excerpt, we refer to government. Since they are the responsible party who inject the harmful substances into the troops’ body, they should be a PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI party who has adequate knowledge and information of the sickness of the troops is the government. In third excerpt, we refer to Anti-Flag. They show the dislike towards the society as the impact of the subculture they performed. They do not like common society for their obedience towards the government. In fourth excerpt, we refer to Anti-Flag and Society. In this excerpt, Anti-Flag together with society show the must of doing and having the revolution. The ideology conveyed in each mental process is not same. The first and the third excerpt carry the ideology of anti-authoritarian capitalism. The use of words, greedy and gangs of liars indicates the protest of Anti-Flag toward the capitalism. The authority of the capitalists in taking advantages becomes the center of Anti- Flag protest about authoritarianism. The capitalists’ rejectionexpresssAnti-Flag’s feeling of hate for society. The dislike towards the society is to show Anti-Flag disagreement for society obedience for the capitalists and their unwillingness to fight against the capitalists. The authority of the capitalists shows the authoritarianism. The second excerpt carries the ideology of anti-authoritarian nationalism. The rejection of authoritarianism and nationalism presented through the government behavior. It is about they pretend to know nothing about the action they have performed. Anti-Flag protest it because nationalism is applied in a wrong way. The fourth excerpt carries the ideology of social movement. The strong desire to have revolution presents the ideology. The fifth processes in transitivity analysis are the verbal processes. The verbal processes reveal ideology by showing who the Sayer The person utters the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Verbiage is, what the Sayer says Verbiage and whom the Verbiage addressed to Receiver. In the following table, there are some excerpts show the verbal processes. Table 4.4 The Excerpts of Verbal Processes No. Processes Participants Sayer Verbiage Receiver 1. Says The government They are working for us just as long as we increase their pay. --- 2. Are telling They “If you are a patriot, You better do what you’re told”. You In first excerpt, the Sayer, they, has Verbiage in reporting form. The content of Verbiage is a causal-effect. It means that the more we pay the tax, the government will work. In other words, how the government works depends on how much the society pay the tax. In second excerpt, the Verbiage is in quoting form. It is said by the Sayer, they. The Sayer uses power to control you Receiver by saying that being a patriot is being submissive to every command of the leader. Obviously, the Sayer of the Verbiage of the first excerpt is the government. On the other side, the second excerpt has pronoun they as the Sayer. Based on the content of the Verbiage, they refer to government. It is because they use patriotism to control the Receiver, you which refer to the citizens. From the analysis, it is obvious that the first excerpt presents the ideology of anti-authoritarian capitalism. The anti emphasizes Anti-Flag rejection of the government performance and government policy about taxation. The condition of government demand for society’s obligation of paying is not in line with government’s duty to serve the society. The second excerpt explicitly presents the ideology of anti-authoritarian nationalism. The anti signals Anti-Flag’s opposition towards the government and the State of taking advantage by citizens’ patriotism. The last processes of transitivity analysis on this study are existential processes. They are the processes of existence. The processes of existing expressed with a there and to be with no representational function. The processes has a single participant namely Existential. Table 4.5 The Excerpts of Existential Processes No. Existential Participant Circumstances Existent 1. There is A flag flying high over the fallen killer’s graves At a little big horn national cemetery 2. There is A call, freedom’s sound Around the globe In first excerpt, a flag Existent is the symbol of the nation. The Existential, there is presents the Existence of the Existent. The Existent, a flag flying high over the fallen killer’s graves denote the sacrifice of citizens in the effort of national defense. The Circumstance¸ at a little big horn national cemetery carries the circumstance of location. It denotes the expression of State’s admiration for the patriots. In second excerpt, the Existent, a call, freedom’s sounds refers tothe calling for a revolution. The Circumstance, around the globe indicates a global support for the revolution. The preceding analysis shows the ideologies carried by each excerpt. The first excerpt carries the anti-authoritarian nationalism ideology while the second excerpt carries the social movement ideology.

4.1.1.2 Modality Analysis

As a part of Systemic Functional Grammar, the analysis of modality is to analyze clause as means of communication exchange in interpersonal relation. It is about the speakers’, Anti-Flag, judgments and intention of the song lyrics to the listeners, society. The judgments are about the speakers’ assessment about the issues while the intentions are about the speakers’ persuasive way. The judgments and intentions determined by the types of modality such as probability, usuality, obligation, and inclination. To determine power of the judgments and intentions is to analyze the degrees of modality such as high degree, median degree, and low degree. The polarity is also included in the analysis to show the positivity and negativity. The present study limits the modality analysis on modal auxiliaries and modal adverbs. The types of modality show different purpose of the speaker. The Probability is about validity of the information, the Usuality is about degrees of frequency of information’s truth, the Obligation is about how much obliged is the person to carry out the command and the Inclination or Willingness is about how the speaker fulfills the offer. Another type of modal is ability. It is about the skill needed to do something. The tables below provide the excerpts of the modals. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Table 4.6 Excerpts of Probability No. Modals Degrees and Polarity 1. They are gonna give you nothing. They want to take way the little they call something S2.C10 High + 2. Let the feds pass a law, that takes your rights away cause you gotta sacrifice if you want to stay safetil the day you find the feds in your back pocket locking you away for saying, question, think, or stop it S7.C4b High + 3. If you make it home alive you will die young S13.C6 Mid + 4. They were throwing it away until they figured out they could use it for armament S13.C9. Low + 5. Soon this corporate run government will be through S6.C2 Mid + 6. We will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing Free at last, free at last. Thank God Almighty, we are free at last. S15.C11b Mid + In first excerpt and second excerpt, the Probability in modals, are gonna and gotta have the high degree and positive meaning. They express the certainty of information. In the first excerpt, the information of they are gonna give you nothing and in the second excerpt, you gotta sacrifice are certain. The Probability in third and fourth excerpts expressed in modals will and could. The modals have the mid and low degrees and positive meanings. They mid degree express the probability of information and the low is the possibility. In the third excerpt, the information of If you make it home alive you will die young is likely happened. It presents the hesitancy: the information will probably happen or expected to happen. In the fourth excerpt, the information of they were throwing it away until they figured out they could use itfor armament is possible. It presents possibility: the information might or not might happen. The fifth and sixth excerpt has three modals, will. The Probability in these excerpts is mid and positive. The information of Soon this corporate run government will be through in the fifth excerpt and the information of We will be able to speed up that day ... and we will be able to join hands and sing Free at last, free at last” in the sixth excerpt is likely to happen. In line with the ideology, the modal in the first excerpt indicates the speaker judges that the capitalists the government, the rich, and the corporation are certainly will give nothing to the society. The certain thing to do is just to gain profit which for them it just a small portion. The speaker intends to warn the society about the capitalist certain action. In second excerpt, the modal emphasizes that a sacrifice is certain to happen. The speaker judges that the society regarded as the victim of the capitalists. Thus, the speaker has intention to warn the society that they will certainly be sacrificed; get murdered, lost their jobs, gain low income, etc. In third excerpt, through the modal, the speaker judges that the tendency of society to die young is without no doubt: it is certain. The speaker intends to inform the probability impact on the society if they keep making America as their home for living. It indicates the lack of feeling proud of a nation, being a citizen of America society that America is not an appropriate country to live. The modal use in the fourth excerpt indicates that speaker’s judgment about the possibility of the using the depleted uranium for the armament. The intention of the speaker is PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI to inform the society about the condition. The fifth excerpt uses the modal to emphasize the end of the corporate run government likely happen. By the modal in excerpt sixth, the speaker is about to judge the tendency of themselves and society to do a movement. The analysis of the Probability clarifies the ideologies carried in the excerpts. The ideology of anti-authoritarian capitalism presented in the first and second excerpts while the third and fourth excerpts present the ideology of anti- authoritarian nationalism. The two last excerpts present the ideology of social movement. Table 4.7 Excerpts of Usuality No. Modals Degree and Polarity 1. I never have pledge allegiance to their flag, I never will pledge allegiance to their flag S1.C8 High - 2. Theyre getting rich by selling weapons to both countries, You never think to question what youre told S2.C9 High - 3. I always thought if you want to change the world Then you have to start with yourself S9.C1 High + The three excerpts convey the high degree of Usuality. However, the two excerpts carry the negative meaning and the one is positive meaning. The first and second excerpts express the high Usuality but it occurs in negative meaning. It means, the process is not usual to occur. The fuse of modal adverb never and modal auxiliary, will indicate the meaning. The Usuality delivers the meaning of frequency of doing an action or happening of an action. The third excerpt expresses the high Usuality and positive meaning. It is the opposition to the preceding modals. Table 4.8 Excerpts of Obligation No. Modals Degrees and Polarity 1. You have gotta die for your government? You have gotta die for your country? S1.C1 High + High + 2. So if the heads of state want to end terrorism, they should go ahead and kill themselves S14.C2 Mid + 3. We have got to make a change S14.C10 High + 4. It’s time we should dig their ditch S9.C12 Mid + Obligation shows the level of a matter does do and don’t. The do presented by the positive polarity and don’t presented by the negative polarity. All the excerpts carry the positive polarity. About the degrees of Obligation, three excerpts are high Obligation and two excerpts are mid Obligation. The first and third excerpt with the modal, have gotta or have got highlights that the actions of die for a country, die for the government and make a change are must. The actions are obliged to do. However, the first excerpt is an interrogative sentence By using the interrogative sentence, the speaker has intention to leade people for a reflection the citizens sacrifice for the country and government. The speaker has different judgment from the society which the sacrifice is not necessary to do. The second and fourth excerpts have modal should. It highlights the actions of go ahead and kill themselves and dig their ditch are probable to do. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI