The third theory is about systemic functional grammar. This theory becomes prominent since it is the main tool to answer the question number one,
which intends to find out the linguistic features in Anti-flag song lyrics. Linguistic features meant in this study are the results of the metafunction analysis: field,
tenor, and mode. By analyzing the metafunctions of the clauses in the speeches, the linguistic features in the speeches can be drawn. The results of the linguistic
features in the speeches become the guidelines to conclude the ideologies in the speeches.
The related studies help to observe the example of academic works of CDA. By involving the related studies, the present study puts itself as one of the
works that is also doing the similar study eventhough the explored angles are different. However, the present study still relies on the same basic principles on
doing CDA: the field, tenor and more, which is in the linguistic line. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the methodology used in this study. It covers the type of study, data of the study and data analysis that used to answer the research
questions of the present study. They are to reveal the social representation of Anti- Flag based on their existing ideologies in the issue of protest presented in their
song lyrics and to discover the way of the song writers represent the issue from the linguistic perspective.
3.1 Type of Study
The study is a Critical Discourse Analysis CDA. A prominent justification underlies is the CDA covers all the aspects needed for doing the study. A three-
dimensional framework involves analysis of social practice, discourse practice and text analysis.
The social practice is considered as the reality; the active experience of the text which exists in the real world. In this study, Anti-Flag protest on their song
lyrics about the issue such as free trade of North America as the background. The free trade is the event that exists in the certain time and place which involves
participants and their actions or performance. The reality brought into a text as the representation of the reality.
Discourse practice is about what is so-called as re-contextualization. It is the resources for representing social practices in text van Leeuwen, 2008. In other
words, the discourse is the re-contextualization of the social practice. Therefore, the social practice is the active experience of the reality. However, not all detail
parts of the reality potentially inserted wholly in the text thus it has to be contextualized. Discourse regarded as the social practice through spoken or
written language. As what van Leeuwen mentions that “discourse itself [as] the social practice and as a form of action, as something people do to, or for, or with
each other cited in Wodak and Meyer, 2001: 9. From the discourse practice, the description of social practice comes clear.
As the discourse is the text itself, thus this point dealt with how the text is constructed as the discourse practice to reflect the social practice. CDA is
considerably suitable to work with Halliday’s approach called Systemic Functional Grammar SFG. It is helpful to analyze the linguistic features applied
in the texts. Moreover, the analysis will be applicable to expose the social representation of Anti-Flag based on their existing ideologies that display their
power and dominance in sounding protest. CDA provides the knowledge about the points: social representation, ideology and power. From this point, CDA
significantly considered as the proficient approach.
3.2 Data of the Study
For the purposes of analysis, the data of the study taken from the lyrics of Anti-Flag. This punk rock band selected as they knowingly for their outspoken
left-wing political views, focusing on the social issue that represents the protest against injustice of civil rights. Furthermore, they easily selected because of their
advocacy of progressive political action groups such as Greenpeace and Amnesty International. The consistency of this band for sounding social issue indicates this
band is suitable for analysis. The data use in the study taken from the albums of Anti-Flag. There are 15
song lyrics selected as the data. As the CDA is a multidisciplinary study, it may take much time to conduct the study. Wodak and Meyer 2001: 99 state “in any
practical sense there is no such thing as a “complete” discourse analysis”. They further add even a full analysis of short passage might take months and fill
hundreds of pages. Due to that, they consider that the complete discourse analysis of a large corpus or text or talk is therefore totally out of questions. Thus, the data
of the present study is limited to the 15 song lyrics in order to limit the focus of analysis and to make a better result of the study.
The song lyrics selected purposively for several reasons. Firstly, the lyric expresses protest; the lyric expresses disapproval and the resistance of the society
towards the power imbalance. For instance, the line is drawn in the sand S.11. Secondly, the lyric is ideological. It detected as the protest on capitalism and
nationalism and the protest as the social movement. Therefore, any clause carries another topic will not be included as the data. Thirdly, the lyrics are linguistically
analyzable; it consists of the clear participants and actions. To collect the data from song lyrics are quite uneasy since not all lyrics are written in the form
complete clause; such as in declarative or interrogative form. Some lyric are in imperatives and fragmented. For instance, don’t fly those stripes, those starts-and-
