The Lexical Features Linguistic Features Conveyed in Anti Flag Protest Song Lyrics.

Nazi S6.C, right wing S6.C, republican convention S6.C, a greedy gang of liars S7.C, war profiteering whores S7.C, and Uncle Sam S7.C below. 9 First World War veterans slaughtered by General EisenhowerS1.C5 10 This machine kills fucking fascists S6.C6. 11 You don’t have to be a Racist S6.C7a 12 You don’t have to be a Nazi, fuck S6.C7b 13 You spew your right wing rhetoric when we got your attention S6.C9 14 You’ve mistaken the punk scene for the republican convention S6.C10 In extract 9, the use of ‘General Eisenhower’ is as the model of the American president brutality. During his presidency, Eisenhower managed Cold War-era tensions with the Soviet Union under the looming threat of nuclear weapons. He sent many troops to the war. The term “fascists” used in 10 and “racist” and “Nazi” in 11 and 12 have similarity. It is about the belief of being extremely proud for the race. Fascist is “someone who extremely proud of country and race, and in which political opposition is not allowed”. Racist is “someone who believes that other races are not as good as their own and therefore treats them unfairly”CALD3 while Nazi is “someone who is cruel or who demands an unreasonable degree of obedience, or someone who has extreme and unreasonable beliefs about race”CALD3. The negative side of those beliefs is the adherents are passionate to fight for their race even to die for. The next term, “right wing” in 13, the “republican” in 14 shared about the political beliefs. The right wing is a traditional opinion that believes on low taxes, private ownership of industry property, less help for the poor. The republican belief is about cutting the government spending and eliminating the government waste. The society has to be responsible for the pocketbook of themselves and the government’s. Those special terms have shown the way the authoritarianism works through the nationalism. The authoritarian government use society’s obedience for the country to ruin their life. Table 4.17 Excerpts of the Word-Choice 3 No. Song Titles Special Terms S2. Kill the Rich: Put the trigger to the man, crashing down until they’re all dead S6. Got the Numbers: Need a fucking revolution, got the numbers, protest against injustice state terror on the streets of the world for the disempowered, S6. This Machine Kills Fascists: This machine, fucking fascists S8. What’s the Difference: March on the raise our voice S9. Class Plague: Capitalisms time to fall has come, have revolution S10. Protest Song: Take our rights back S11. Tearing Down the Borders: Tearing down the borders, fighting for the rights of freedom, a call – a ringing sound – a freedom sound, a voice in heart, S12. You can Kill the Protestor but You can’t Kill the Protest: protest, Protestors, bullets can’t silence ideas S14. No Borders, No Nations: Change the world, make a change S15 911 for Peace: A plea for peace world peace, oppressors of the world, leaders of nations, corporate profit takers, the everyday citizen, the competition The existence of social movement ideology mostly appears in the action verbsverb phrases. The use of nouns to state identity is less in numbers. From the table, the identity of government represents by terms such as, fucking fascists PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI S6 and injustice state terror S13. Government placed as the target of the social movement 15 This machine kills fucking fascistsS6.C6 16 You have been to our shows. You have sung our songs. Now, we are asking you to add to each chorus you have sung and protest against injustice state terror on the streets of the world for the disempowered S10.C2 The term, fascist 15 indicates the very powerful leader, state control being extremely proud of country and race and reject the political opposition CALD3. Government represented as undefeated figure. The term, injustice state terror 16 represents the state; a state with an unfair system. These two conditions becomes the trigger of masses to do revolution. Society and Anti-Flag presented as the actor of the social movement. The identity represented through the terms as like, the protestors and the rebel S15 17 You can kill the protestor but you can’t kill the protest. S12.C4 18 You can murder the rebel but you can’t murder the rebellion. S12.CC5 The two bold terms are quite similar in meaning. Both of them are about the disagreement. However, they also assorted in action. If a protest is typically done by standing somewhere, shouting, carrying signs etc. CALD3 then the rebel is more to use force to defeat the people in authority. As the output of their disagreement, the rebels behave differently CALD3. Those terms are two types of doing social movement. Another terms which are identified as social movement are like march S8, change the world S9, revolution S10, a plea for world peace S11, fighting for the rights of freedom S12, Got the numbers S13.C7. 19 So, we march on to raise our voice because we are left with no choice. S8.C8 20 I always thought if you want to change the world, then you have to start with yourselfS14.C1 21 revolution, it’s time to make the rich pay S9.C13 22 This is a plea for peace world peace to the oppressors of the world and to the leaders of nations, corporate profit takers, to the everyday citizen S15.C6 23 We are fighting for the rights of freedom S12.C5. 24 We have got the numbersS6.C7 The portrayal of social movement is like marching on 19 and fighting for the rights of freedom 23. About the march, it mostly conducted in masses by walking through a public place expressing disapproval of something or with someone CALD3. Fighting for the rights of freedom is the common purpose of doing the social movement. The two further terms, change the world 20 and revolution 21 are synonyms. It is about to do a movement as the product of the disagreement. As the social movement is typically massive, thus, the numbers needed. The italic term refers to people who do social movement. The pleas for peace world peace 22 signals the protest song lyric as a medium of propaganda. The speaker tries to persuade the listeners for joining the social movement.

4.2 Ideologies in Anti Flag’s Protest Song Lyrics.

The result of the linguistic analysis of the protest song lyrics shows that there are two main ideologies Anti-Flag convey in their song lyrics. The two ideologies are the anti-atuthoritarian and social movement. The ideology of anti- authoritarian is divided into two sub ideologies namely anti-authoritarian capitalism and anti-authoritarian nationalism. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI The section dicusses about the macrostruture of the song lyrics. It is about the supporting matters outside the text. There are three points to be discussed in this section. The first is about the concept of the ideology. It provides definition and characteristics of the ideologies. The second is about the social issues. It presents events which support the ideologies. It is about the actuality of the ideology in the social practice. The third is about the representation of ideology in the relation to the social issues. The discussion of the representation uses the linguistic analysis.

4.2.1 Concept of the Ideologies

The first main ideology conveyed in Anti-Flag song lyrics is anti- authoritarianism. Anti-authoritarianism is the opposite term of authoritarianism. It emerges in consequence of the authority control over all key parts of social life that considerably tend to bring loss for the society. The word, authority, means the right to exercise power given by the State. The power holders refer to the representatives, the constitutions, and the presidents. They called as government. Other power holders besides government are such as the private ownership companies and the rich. Substantially, the characteristics of authoritarian government consists of two subjects; the authority to control by the power holders and the citizens’ allegiance to the government of the state. Having a central protest on government, Anti-Flag song lyrics rely on two identities of government: the capitalist and the nationalist. To relate the two identities with the ideology, the two terms, authoritarian capitalism and PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI authoritarian nationalism used to explain their fusion. The authoritarianism is associated with capitalism and nationalism as they depend on an authoritarian form. In other words, government is the figure who posses power to lead the capitalist country or nationalist country. The emergence of the sub ideologies are prominently embodies in all of the selected song lyrics. The discussion of the ideology diffused into its sub ideologies: anti-authoritarian capitalism and anti- authoritarian nationalism. Social movement is the second prominent ideology appears in Anti-Flag song lyrics. It is prominent due to its presence shows the social resistance towards all types of the authority; government, the big business and the bourgeoisie. The ideology is the opposite of the preceding ideology, anti-authoritarianism. The difference is the previous ideology displays the government action, character, and identity as the authoritarian capitalist and authoritarian nationalist. The happening clause shows the society action, character, and identity as the rebellion towards the superiors. In addition, the category of society divided into two groups. The first group put Anti-Flag as the part of the society while the second group put Anti-Flag as the punk band which separate them from society. Central to the society, the discussion presents society as the victim of the authority and the protestor or the rebel against the authority.

4.2.1.1 The Concept of Anti-Authoritarian Capitalism

Capitalism means, “An economic, political and social system based on private ownership of property, business and industry, and directed towards making the greatest possible profits for successful organizations and people” CALD3. Capitalism often defined as an economic system where private actors allowed owning and controlling the use of property in accord with their own interests. It is also, where the pricing mechanism coordinates supply and demand in markets to find the best interest of the society. In association with authoritarianism, the authoritarian capitalism described as an economic also political and social system in which commercial economy activity undertaken by the power holders. The means of production are organized and managed as state-owned business enterprises. It means there is otherwise a dominance of corporatized government agencies of publicly listed corporations of which the state has controlling shares. However, government as the representatives of the society is the party that should be neutral to connect the society to the businesses. In fact, government for this case lost their power under the control of the private ownership companies as they also have their hidden interests that are to attain profits. The condition becomes the reason of Anti-Flag to protest the authority.

4.2.1.2 The Concept of Anti-Authoritarian Nationalism

The concept is about the general notion of the anti-authoritarian nationalism. This belief needed to be explicated here as the selected Anti Flag’s song lyrics employ the Anti-nationalism. According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Compass, nationalism is “the desire by a group of people who share the same race, culture, language, etc. to form an independent country.” Its second definition is “a feeling PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI of love for and pride in your country; a feeling that your country is better than any other.” In Cambridge Advance Learner’s Dictionary, Nationalism defined as the wish for and the attempt to achieve political independence for your country or nation. Those definitions reveal that nationalism causes people to do anything for their own country. Christie, Wagner and Winter 2001 in their study about Nationalism and War: A social-psychological perspective states that “basic underlying needs for attachment and the nation as a type of group are central themes in the social- psychological approach to nationalism. Therefore, as the social-psychological aspect of people is neglected, they will no longer have a sense of nationalism. This point is then arousing the protest done by Anti Flag. Sociologically, the war occurred in Iraq has brought large numbers of disasters to for American society either in domestic policy: environment and economic policies, and in foreign policy and national security.

4.2.1.3 The Concept of Social Movement

The term of social movement simply deals with a movement of revolution by society. A social movement theory defines that the social movement was a powerful organizational and structural perspective that accounted well for movements by the repressed such as labor and civil rights –movements in pursuit of full inclusion and ‘citizenship rights.’ The goals of such movements taken for granted; what they needed were the means to act Jasper, 2010.