music. He wrote the best topical, protest ballads of the era. Besides redefined what the protest music sounded like, he also redefined what the protest music said
about. The development of the new form of protest music called for diversity among audience members, protesting, societal norms, and the notion of ideology.
The use of song as a protest medium cannot be separated from its function of propaganda. It is about spreading ideas or opinions etc. contains of arguments
which are intended to influencing people opinion. Denisoff1972 describes folksongs of protest as propaganda songs which were used to induce change in
opinion or behavior, written andor played in the traditional folk style. He outlines six primary goals of the propaganda song: it 1 solicits outside support, 2
reinforces the value structure of supporters, 3 promotes cohesion and solidarity among followers, 4 aims to recruit individuals, 5 invokes solutions, and 6
highlights a social problem or discontent 2: 1972. He further distinguishes the propaganda song of persuasion as being either a “magnetic” song, designed to
hold the members of a movement together and to attract new members to the fold, or the “rhetorical” song, which “describes some social condition, but one which
offers no explicit ideological or organizational solutions” 1972: 6. Music and songs protest as the propaganda helps to avoid the direct contact
to the people in power and to publically gain mass to support the protest. According to Eyerman and Jamison 1998 and Denisoff 1970 cited in Quirk
Cort, 39: 2013 states their indication of propaganda songs influence that are are used is to invoke support for movement as well as to recruit new members of a
social movement. Thus, the use of music and songs is as the buffer towards the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
authority. It means that the music and songs have ability to communicate profound and complex meanings without direct opposition to dominant parties.
2.2 Review of Related Studies
There are some previous studies of Critical Discourse Analysis. Two studies related with the use song lyrics as a discourse type and a study use another
dicourses. Those studies are involved here to present the insights for a better dicussion and to differentiate the focus of present study with previous studies.
Two related studies of CDA on song lyrics are conducted by Taiwo 2008 and Kananovich 2014. Taiwo 2008 explored the discursive practices in
Nigerian Pantecostal Christian songs. This study attempted to interpret critically some contemporary Christian songs used in worship in South Western Nigeria by
looking beyond the words to the ideologies that underlie their composition. The data arethe songs used in Pentecostal settings. The settings are in four states in the
south-west geopolitical zone of Nigeria – Osun, Ondo, Lagos and Oyo States. Christian songs in contemporary times do not necessarily convey the intrinsic
values of praise worship, as they used to do in the early days of Christianity in Nigeria. The result shows that, the songs used to wage war against perceived
enemies of the singers, and to manipulate those who would not conform to certain practices and possibly condemn them.
Kananovich 2014 conducted a comparative analysis of the Pussy Riot: the punk feminist band, original lyrics of the ‘punk prayer”and the expert’s reports as
its discursive opponent. The prayer challenges the social norms sutained by the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
state and religious authorities. On the other side, the report intends to naturalize these norms and discredit religiously contextualize political protests as crossing
the boundaries of legitimate public debate. The analysis of the song lyrics only employ the rhetorical strategies. The study focuses on finding out the social
actors, social practices and contextual aspects presented in both texts. Sharififar and Rahimi 2015 study the representation of ideology and
power of the two presidents, Obama’s and Rouhani’s political speeches at UN in September 2013. The language use in their speeches manifest their power,
capabilities and policies and futhermore, the political implications of these speeches can be perceives better by common people. They employ the Systemic
Functional Grammar by Halliday which focuses on the analysis of transitivity, modality and textual analysis. To differentiate their study with the present study
is to see first on the dicourse. Sharififar and Rahimi use political speeches compared to the present study that uses song lyrics. Moreover, the political
speeches present the original ideas of the presidents while the present study is to study the counter ideology and power of Anti-Flag towards the ideology of power
of the government and other power holders. Yet, there are some main points to clarify the dissimilarity of the present
study to the previous studies.Firstly, the type of discourse use in the study is song lyrics. The difference from the previous study on the same is is the genre of
music. It focuses on punk rock music if compared to Taiwo who employ Nigerian pantecostal christian songs. The study of Kananovich also employs the same
genre, punk rock but she focuses on the lyrics of Pussy Riot; a feminist punk band PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
while the present study is the lyrics of Anti-Flag; an activist punk band. Sharififar and Rahimi uses the political speeches as the discourse in their study.
The second point is the method to analysis the data. Taiwo’s and Kananovich use rhetorical strategy while the present study uses the SFG. Taiwo
looking beyond the words to the ideologies that underlie the songs’ composition while Kananovich use concept of CDA to find out the social actors, social practice
and textual aspects. The studies using rhetorical strategy migh not explore the lingusitcs units employs of the song lyrics. By using SFG, the representation of
ideology and power in the song lyrics are more obvious. It is because the linguitics present the supported evidence of how the language use. The study of
Sharififar and Rahimi use SFG as well. Same with the present study, they also focus on transitivity and modality. In transitivity analysis, they focuses only on
the major trasitivity processes; material, relational and mental processes. The present study focuses on major processes and minor processes; verbal processes
and existential processes except behavioural processes. On the modality analysis, they are different in the analysis of tense.
The third point deals with the type of study. The two studies by Kananovich and, Sharififar and Rahimi conduct the comparative study. Kananovich compare
the Pussy Riot text and the experts’ report while Sharififar and Rahimi do comparison of two presidents political speeches. As same as the present study,
Taiwo does not do comparative study. He focuses on analysis Nigerian panthecostal worship while the present study focuses on Anti-Flag song lyrics.
