Principally, CDA is an interdisciplinary approach to the study of discourse, which views language as a form of social practice Fairclough, 1989. As one of
its central objectives, CDA considers the linguistic choices. A text producer makes the linguistic choices as a potential medium through which the ideological
import of a particular discourse situation can be reproduced. Fairclough and Wodak 1997 usefully translate this into the working assumption that any part
of any language text, spoken or written, simultaneously constitutes representations, relations, and identities. That is, discourse represents particular
views of world, particular social relations between people, and particular social identities according to the purpose, context, and addressees of the text.
Since the linguistics choices are considered in CDA, the Systemic Functional Grammar SFG by Halliday will be an applicable to work with. The
SFG has three metafunctions: ideational, interpersonal, and textual functions. They will be the tools to analyze clauses that represent the ideology. The
cooperation of both theories, CDA and SFG, will support each other to see how the social issues transferred into the language and how the ideology of the speaker
manipulated to state their power as a protest to the power holders. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
1.2 Problem Formulation
The present study investigates the problems presents in the following research questions:
1 How the linguistic features employed in Anti-Flag‘s protest song lyrics
reveal the ideology? 2
What are the main ideologies conveyed in Anti-Flag’s protest song lyrics?
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The study has three objectives. They related to the field of linguistics, Critical Discourse Analysis and musical art.
The first objective is to reveal the ideologies in Anti-Flag song lyrics. The objective intends to find out the concept of ideology and power conveyed by Anti-
Flag as the punk rock band. To achieve the objective, the macrostructures analysis by van Dijk will be employed. The analysis focuses on the use of special terms
and the social issues which support the ideologies. They special terms present the existence of topics related to the ideologies in the lyrics. On the other side, the
social issues provide information and knowledge about the reality of the topics. In other words, they connect the text with the context.
The second objective is to find out the representation of the ideologies through the use of linguistics units. The objective is achievable by using Systemic
Functional Grammar. It provides metafunctions analysis: ideational, interpersonal, and textual functions. They help to show the relation between the lexical and
grammatical features of the song lyrics with the ideologies which it conveyed. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
The study focuses on ideational and interpersonal function. By means of transitivity analysis, the ideational function will be analyzed. It states that a clause
has meaning as a representation of some processes in ongoing human experiences. The transitivity system is applicable to reveal the representation of people, events,
or issues in the text because it has a function to infer the author’s experience in the texts. On the other side, the interpersonal function is analyzed by the use of
modality and pronoun analysis. The ideational function presents the interaction between the speakers to the listener. The observation on those functions might
show the systemic characteristic of language in use. Moreover, to determine the clause represents a certain ideology is to consider the basic concept of the
ideology itself. By doing so, the characteristics of each ideology will be clear. Therefore, it will be easier and more correct to group the clauses into an ideology.
The third objective is to give appreciation to the musical art especially the punk rock music. The use of music as the object of discourse analysis is less if
compare to the use of newspaper, speeches or literary works. To appreciate the musical art is not merely about the musical notes of a song but to pay more
attention to the lyric of a song. The study of song lyrics by linguistics analysis helps to understand the personal thoughts and feelings of the person who wrote it.
Hence, the listeners will recognize that the genre is valuable. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
1.4 Benefits of the Study
The substance of a study is having benefits. The study hopefully equips good contribution for all readers not merely for the certain parties.
Tthe study serves a purpose for the language learners who are interested in linguistics, Critical Discourse Analysis CDA and Systemic Functional Grammar
SFG. It provides knowledge and awareness on how to apply CDA approach in analyzing song lyrics as type of discourse and SFG in textual analysis. For the
study presents song lyrics as the particular text therefore it might be a good example on how to scrutinize language features on the song lyrics. Hopefully, the
study might raise critical analysis and awareness on the covert meaning ideology of the song lyrics and on the linguistics comprehension.
Tthe study presents the importance to conceive the song lyrics. For the music listeners, the study points out that music is more worthy if it is not merely
listened but understood the messages concealed in its lyrics. Music, especially punk rock not merely affiliated with the noisy and awful sounds, which for few
people is annoying. Thus, people will come up with the negative perceptions about the genre. On the other side, few people consider the punk rock music as an
interesting music that helps them to release their emotions, such as anger. Hence, they merely appreciate the music instead of its lyrics. Lyrics are not just the part
of the total package of the music. In punk rock music, the lyrics contain significant information, ideas, opinions, or images about the social issues. People
are lead to be conscious for the social problems especially about the socio-politics issues occurred in America and world.
Ultimately, through the study, It is proposed that perhaps readers, - society - may benefit from a deeeper understanding of punk rock counterculture idelogy.
Instead of just paying attention to the lyrics and musical sounds, people will see culture, values, ideology, and messages. Public is hoped to be conscious that
music as the artwork can be an applicable medium of protest to do a revolution or social movement. In a wider perspective, the study is hopefully might arouse
public response towards the social issues; capitalism and nationalism. It is about how to make a stand to resist against social injustice. Public not only listening to
the punk rock music and absorb the significant points in the lyrics but to act. The protest through song is propagandist to get people support. Despite this, the
intention of doing the protest is for the real action. Listening to punk rock music, especially Anti-Flag, people will notice their existence as the part of drivers of
changes. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter consists of three sections namely review of theories, review of related studies and theoretical framework. The review of theories examines the
theories applied to conduct the study, the review of related studies provides insights for the study and the theoretical framework clarifies the contribution of
the theories in solving the problem formulation.
2.1 Review of Theories
The section presents the theories exercised in the study. The first section talks about ideology as it is what the study about. It presents the concept of
ideology, ideology and discourse, ideology and power and ideology of punk. The second section is about the method of the study, Critical Discourse Analysis. It is
the general framework of the study. By reviewing the theory, the study is led to reveal the ideology and power imbalance in practice in a society. The third section
is about the concept of protest songs. It provides the concept of how the songs used as the protest medium. The fourth section is about the Systemic Functional
Grammar from Halliday 2004 elaborated with other experts. It presents concept of transitivity, modality and pronoun. It used as the tool to observing data.
2.1.1 Ideology
The term, ideology is controversial. It is because there are many definitions and notions of the term. Hence, it is better to start with its very beginning notion.
