12 giving comments, using the character’s thoughts and speech in conversations, or by
using other characters’ point of view and comments. The fifth method is about the conversation of other characters. The
characteristics of a character can be revealed through a conversation of other characters. The author can give the readers some clues about the characteristics of a
character in the story through the conversation of other characters. The sixth method is related to the reaction. The author can also give
descriptions of a character’s personality by letting the readers know how the character reacts to various situations and events. Therefore, through hisher reaction, the
readers can understand the mental and moral qualities of a character in the story. The seventh method is linked to the direct comment of the author. The author
can describe or comment on a character in the story directly. In this way, the readers will understand easily the characteristics of a character in the story.
The eighth method is related to the thoughts. The author can give the readers direct knowledge of what a character in the story is thinking about. By knowing what
in the character’s mind, the readers will know hisher characteristic. The last method is about mannerism. The author can describe a character’s
mannerisms, habits, or idiosyncrasies. It can tell the readers some clues about the characteristics of a character in the story.
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2.1.3 Theory of Psychoanalytical Psychology
Hurlock 1974, in Personality Development, states that the individual aspect of human life concerns with the physical changes and individual’s personality
development. Individual’s personality development is usually influenced by two factors, which are individual’s early experience within his family and the important
events that happened outside the home or the social aspect para.19-20. In 2000, Huffman, M. Vernoy and J. Vernoy define “personality as an individual’s unique and
relatively stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions that defines you as a person: how you are different from other people” p. 464.
Moreover, Worchel and Shebilske 1989 in their book Psychology; Principles and applications explain:
Personality as the unique set of behaviours including thoughts and emotions and enduring qualities that influence the way a person adjusts to his or her
environment. Personality is seen as influencing, guiding, and motivating behaviour.” Personality is what someone really is toward his or her own life
want to be. Personality is what makes people unique and causes them to act or see situations different from anyone else p. 461.
Furthermore, Worchel and Shebilske 1989 describe Sigmund Freud’
Psychoanalytic theory; the structure of personality: Freud believes that the individual’s personality is the scene of a never-ending
battle: On one hand there are primitive and unacceptable drives striving for expression, while on the other hand there are forces trying to deny or disguise
these impulses. Freud not only viewed the personality as a battlefield, but he also identified the participants in this battle: the id, the ego, and the superego
p. 471.
Sigmund Freud defines these three elements of personality. The first element of personality is known as the id. The second element is known as the ego and for the
