19 Hence, it is obvious that the physiological needs control human’s thought and
behaviors to gain satisfaction of these needs. Unless these basic needs are completely fulfilled, human will not pursue other higher level needs.
2.1.4.2 Safety needs
After the physiological needs are fulfilled, human will start to pursue another need that is Safety or Security needs. The needs consist of the needs of certainty,
order, structure and predictability in one’s environment, and safety from war, crime, natural disasters, riots, and societal disorganizations.
As it is stated by Hjelle and Ziegler 1981, Maslow believes that the safety needs are readily observed to infants and young children because of their helplessness
and dependency on adults. Infants will be frightened when they are suddenly dropped or startled by loud noises and flashing lights. Since they realize that they are
powerless in such situations. These dangers can be neutralized when one has experience, knowledge, and education about them. When one knows some
information about certain dangers, it makes him feel that he will find some ways to handle them. As a result, he will not feel completely powerless para.370.
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2.1.4.3 Belongingness and Love needs
Once the safety needs are fulfilled, the next needs will emerge in human motivation. The needs are the Belongingness and Love needs. These needs are
expected to be found both in one’s society and family. Different from the Freudian, Maslow asserts that the belongingness and love needs are not similar to the needs of
sex. He emphasizes that mature love involves giving and receiving. It requires more emotional fulfillment than sexual fulfillment. To fulfill these needs, one will try
various ways. They might join with certain groups which share them their interests, having lovers, having friends, and many others. Furthermore, Hjelle and Ziegler
1981 explain: Rather he contended that mature love involves a healthy, loving relationship
between two people that includes mutual respect, admiration, and trust. Maslow also stressed that a person’s needs for love involve both giving and
receiving love. Being loved and accepted is instrumental to healthy feelings of worth. Not being loved generates futility, emptiness, and hostility p. 372.
2.1.4.4 Self-esteem needs
Hjelle and Ziegler 1981 explain that when the belongingness and love needs are fulfilled, one will pursue the next higher needs, self-esteem needs. Maslow
divides these needs into two categories: self-respect and esteem from others. Self- esteem needs cover the desire for competence, confidence, personal strength,
adequacy, achievement, independence, and freedom para.372.
